Toxic megacolon history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Common symptoms of toxic megacolon include abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea and constipation. Less common symptoms include fever and disorientation.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with toxic megacolon may have a positive history of:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Past medical history

Signs of Inflammatory bowel disease and acute colitis:
- Abdominal pain
- Often bloody diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
- History of previous exacerbations
- Extraintestinal manifestations
- History of infection
- History of radiation
- History of chemotherapy
- Immune status:
  - Chemotherapy, malignancy
  - HIV

Medication history

Medications, especially the following:
- Steroids
- Antidiarrheals
- Anticholinergics
- Opiates

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of toxic megacolon include:^[1]^[6]^[7]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of toxic megacolon include:^[4]^[8]^[9]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Gan, S. Ian; Beck, P. L. (2003). “A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management”. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (11): 2363–2371. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
↑ Jalan KN, Sircus W, Card WI, Falconer CW, Bruce CB, Crean GP, McManus JP, Small WP, Smith AN (1969). “An experience of ulcerative colitis. I. Toxic dilation in 55 cases”. Gastroenterology. 57 (1): 68–82. PMID 5305933.
↑ Trudel JL, Deschênes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN (1995). “Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis”. Dis. Colon Rectum. 38 (10): 1033–8. PMID 7555415.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR (1980). “Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn’s colitis”. Ann. Surg. 191 (1): 75–80. PMC 1344622. PMID 7352781.<refStump, Sylvia (2008). Nutrition and diagnosis-related care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781798457.
↑ Thomford NR (1980). “Toxic megacolon”. Surg Annu. 12: 341–50. PMID 6996173.
↑ Shortman K, Wilson A (1986). “Degradation of specificity in cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. The separate YAC-1-type (NK-like) and P815-type broad specificity killing patterns are both restricted to the larger cells within a clone but may be expressed independently in clones from different mouse strains”. J. Immunol. 137 (3): 798–804. PMID 2424983.
↑ Mungus JE, Moossa AR, Block GE (1976). “Treatment of toxic megacolon”. Surg. Clin. North Am. 56 (1): 95–102. PMID 1251308.
↑ Present DH (1993). “Toxic megacolon”. Med. Clin. North Am. 77 (5): 1129–48. PMID 8371619.
↑ Quddus, Ayyaz; Martin-Perez, Beatriz; Schoonyoung, Henry; Albert, Matthew; Atallah, Sam (2015). “Toxic megacolon during pregnancy in ulcerative colitis: A case report”. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 11: 83–86. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.04.033. ISSN 2210-2612.

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[GanBeck2003-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Gan, S. Ian; Beck, P. L. (2003). “A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management”. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (11): 2363–2371. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. ISSN 0002-9270.

[pmid5305933-2] Jalan KN, Sircus W, Card WI, Falconer CW, Bruce CB, Crean GP, McManus JP, Small WP, Smith AN (1969). “An experience of ulcerative colitis. I. Toxic dilation in 55 cases”. Gastroenterology. 57 (1): 68–82. PMID 5305933.

[pmid7555415-3] Trudel JL, Deschênes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN (1995). “Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis”. Dis. Colon Rectum. 38 (10): 1033–8. PMID 7555415.

[pmid7352781-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR (1980). “Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn’s colitis”. Ann. Surg. 191 (1): 75–80. PMC 1344622. PMID 7352781.<refStump, Sylvia (2008). Nutrition and diagnosis-related care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781798457.

[pmid6996173-5] Thomford NR (1980). “Toxic megacolon”. Surg Annu. 12: 341–50. PMID 6996173.

[pmid2424983-6] Shortman K, Wilson A (1986). “Degradation of specificity in cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. The separate YAC-1-type (NK-like) and P815-type broad specificity killing patterns are both restricted to the larger cells within a clone but may be expressed independently in clones from different mouse strains”. J. Immunol. 137 (3): 798–804. PMID 2424983.

[pmid1251308-7] Mungus JE, Moossa AR, Block GE (1976). “Treatment of toxic megacolon”. Surg. Clin. North Am. 56 (1): 95–102. PMID 1251308.

[pmid8371619-8] Present DH (1993). “Toxic megacolon”. Med. Clin. North Am. 77 (5): 1129–48. PMID 8371619.

[QuddusMartin-Perez2015-9] Quddus, Ayyaz; Martin-Perez, Beatriz; Schoonyoung, Henry; Albert, Matthew; Atallah, Sam (2015). “Toxic megacolon during pregnancy in ulcerative colitis: A case report”. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 11: 83–86. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.04.033. ISSN 2210-2612.

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