Trichomoniasis natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, women with trichomoniasis may progress to develop infection of the adnexa, endometrium, and Skene and Bartholin glands. In men, untreated trichomoniasis can cause epididymitis, prostatitis, and decreased sperm cell motility.^[1] Complications of trichomoniasis include pelvic inflammatory disease, increased risk of HIV, increased risk of cervical cancer, increased risk of prostate cancer, and pregnancy-related complications such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes. The prognosis of trichomoniasis is generally excellent with treatment.^[2]

Natural History

If left untreated, women with trichomoniasis may progress to develop infection of the adnexa, endometrium, and Skene and Bartholin glands. In men, untreated trichomoniasis can cause epididymitis, prostatitis, and decreased sperm cell motility.^[1]

Complications

Common complications of trichomoniasis in women include:^[1]

Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pregnancy-related complications such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes
Increased risk of acquiring HIV
Increased risk of cervical neoplasia

Complications of trichomoniasis in men include:^[1]

Prognosis

The prognosis of trichomoniasis is generally excellent with treatment.^[2]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kissinger P (2015). “Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues”. BMC Infect Dis. 15: 307. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0. PMC 4525749. PMID 26242185.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Swygard H, Seña AC, Hobbs MM, Cohen MS (2004). “Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management”. Sex Transm Infect. 80 (2): 91–5. PMC 1744792. PMID 15054166.

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[pmid26242185-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kissinger P (2015). “Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues”. BMC Infect Dis. 15: 307. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0. PMC 4525749. PMID 26242185.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[pmid15054166-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Swygard H, Seña AC, Hobbs MM, Cohen MS (2004). “Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management”. Sex Transm Infect. 80 (2): 91–5. PMC 1744792. PMID 15054166.

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