The treatment of tuberous sclerosis can be expensive, especially considering that many complications have surgical options for treatment.

A study from 2016 showed that for children with TSC presenting with refractory epilepsy (defined by the persistence of seizures despite the use of 2 anti-seizure drugs), the most cost-effective measure between resective epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulator implantation, ketogenic diet, and addition of a third anti-seizure drug, was the addition of a third drug into the medication regimen,^[1]