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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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VKA

Introduction

File:Menaquinone.svg
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone). In menaquinone the side chain is composed of a varying number of isoprenoid residues.
Overview

Overview

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a class of anticoagulants which, as their name indicates, act by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.

They can be teratogens.[1]

Coumarins

Coumarins

Coumarins are the most commonly used VKA, and sometimes the terms are used synonymously.

In medicine, the most commonly used VKA is warfarin.[2] The primary mechanism of warfarin is the inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase.

VKAs are also used as rodenticides.[3]

Other VKAs

Other VKAs

Not all VKAs are coumarins. For example, fluindione is a VKA,[4] but not a coumarin.

Another example is phenindione.[5]

Many of the non-coumarin VKAs are 1,3-indandione derivatives.

Tioclomarol is another VKA,[6] but it is neither a coumarin nor a diketone.

Related chapters
References

References

  1. ↑ Schaefer C, Hannemann D, Meister R; et al. (2006). “Vitamin K antagonists and pregnancy outcome. A multi-centre prospective study”. Thromb. Haemost. 95 (6): 949–57. doi:10.1160/TH06-02-0108. PMID 16732373. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, Jacobson A, Crowther M, Palareti G (2008). “Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)”. Chest. 133 (6 Suppl): 160S–198S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0670. PMID 18574265. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Griminger P (1987). “Vitamin K antagonists: the first 50 years”. J. Nutr. 117 (7): 1325–9. PMID 3302140. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Mentré F, Pousset F, Comets E; et al. (1998). “Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of fluindione in patients”. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 63 (1): 64–78. doi:10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90122-9. PMID 9465843. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ “Foreword: contemporary issues in the management and treatment of atrial fibrillation — Agnelli 7 (2005): C3 — European Heart Journal Supplements”. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  6. ↑ “ATC/DDD Index”. Retrieved 2008-12-23.

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