Vaginal cancer other diagnostic studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, lymphangiogram, and cone biopsy may be helpful to detect the spread of vaginal cancer.

Cone Biopsy

A biopsy may be done to find out if cancer has spread to the cervix^[1]. A sample of tissue is cut from the cervix and viewed under a microscope. A biopsy that removes only a small amount of tissue is usually done in the doctor’s office. A woman may need to go to a hospital for a cone biopsy (removal of a larger, cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix and cervical canal). A biopsy of the vulva may also be done to see if cancer has spread there.

Cystoscopy

A procedure to look inside the bladder and urethra to check for abnormal areas. A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. A cystoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. Cystourethroscopy permits visualization of the urethral tumor and allows biopsies to be performed to remove samples for histologic examination.^[2].

Ureteroscopy

A procedure to look inside the ureters to check for abnormal areas. A ureteroscope is inserted through the bladder and into the ureters. A ureteroscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue to be checked under a microscope for signs of disease. A ureteroscopy and cystoscopy may be done during the same procedure^[3].

Lymphangiogram

A procedure used to x-ray the lymph system. A dye is injected into the lymph vessels in the feet. The dye travels upward through the lymph nodes and lymph vessels and x-rays are taken to see if there are any blockages. This test helps find out whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes^[4].

References

↑ Okonkwo CA, Selo-Ojeme DO (2015). “An analysis of the outcomes of cervical cone biopsies performed in a low resource setting”. J Obstet Gynaecol. 35 (6): 604–7. doi:10.3109/01443615.2014.990426. PMID 26418271.
↑ Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB (April 2018). “Female Urethra Adenocarcinoma”. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 16 (2): e263–e267. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.006. PMID 29113768.
↑ Narang V, Sinha T, Karan SC, Sandhu AS, Sethi GS, Srivastava A, Talwar R, Adlakha N (2007). “Ureteroscopy: savior to the gynecologist? Ureteroscopic management of post laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy ureterovaginal fistulas”. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 14 (3): 345–7. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2006.10.013. PMID 17478367.
↑ Itkin M, Nadolski GJ (March 2018). “Modern Techniques of Lymphangiography and Interventions: Current Status and Future Development”. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 41 (3): 366–376. doi:10.1007/s00270-017-1863-2. PMID 29256071.

[pmid26418271-1] Okonkwo CA, Selo-Ojeme DO (2015). “An analysis of the outcomes of cervical cone biopsies performed in a low resource setting”. J Obstet Gynaecol. 35 (6): 604–7. doi:10.3109/01443615.2014.990426. PMID 26418271.

[pmid29113768-2] Dell’Atti L, Galosi AB (April 2018). “Female Urethra Adenocarcinoma”. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 16 (2): e263–e267. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.006. PMID 29113768.

[pmid17478367-3] Narang V, Sinha T, Karan SC, Sandhu AS, Sethi GS, Srivastava A, Talwar R, Adlakha N (2007). “Ureteroscopy: savior to the gynecologist? Ureteroscopic management of post laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy ureterovaginal fistulas”. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 14 (3): 345–7. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2006.10.013. PMID 17478367.

[pmid29256071-4] Itkin M, Nadolski GJ (March 2018). “Modern Techniques of Lymphangiography and Interventions: Current Status and Future Development”. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 41 (3): 366–376. doi:10.1007/s00270-017-1863-2. PMID 29256071.

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