Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Whipworm infection epidemiology and demographics
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Trichuris trichiura is the third most common nematode worldwide following Ascaris and Enterobius; in total, the three infections affect approximately 1 billion people. Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is high, affecting 95% of children in countries where protein energy malnutrition and anemia are prevalent.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Worldwide, the total number of people infected with Trichuris trichiura in the year 2002 was 1 billion.[1]
- In the USA, the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is 100 per 100,000 individuals.[2]
- Worldwide, the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is high, affecting 95% of children in countries where protein energy malnutrition and anemia are prevalent.[3]
Incidence
- Trichuris trichiura is the third most common nematode worldwide following Ascaris and Enterobius; in total, the three infections affect approximately 1 billion people.
Age
- Trichuris trichiura is more common among school-aged children compared to adults.[4]
Gender
- There is no gender predilection for infection with Trichuris trichiura.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for infection with Trichuris trichiura.
Geographic distribution
- Trichuriasis occurs in the southern United States.
- Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries.[5]
- Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia, then Latin America and the Caribbean.[6][7]
- Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices.[8]
References
References
- ↑ “CDC – Trichuriasis – Epidemiology & Risk Factors”.
- ↑ Starr MC, Montgomery SP (2011). “Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States: a systematic review–1940-2010”. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85 (4): 680–4. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0214. PMC 3183777. PMID 21976572.
- ↑ Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). “The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura”. Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). “Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections”. Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
- ↑ Manz KM, Clowes P, Kroidl I, Kowuor DO, Geldmacher C, Ntinginya NE; et al. (2017). “Trichuris trichiura infection and its relation to environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study”. PLoS One. 12 (4): e0175137. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175137. PMC 5383155. PMID 28384306.
- ↑ de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L (2003). “Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture”. Trends Parasitol. 19 (12): 547–51. PMID 14642761.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). “Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections”. Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). “Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections”. Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2], Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [3]