Whole number rule

The Whole Number Rule states that the masses of the elements are whole number multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom.^[1] The rule can be formulated from Prout’s hypothesis put forth in 1815.^[2] In 1920, Francis W. Aston demonstrated through the use of a mass spectrometer that apparent deviations from the rule were due to the existence of isotopes.^[3]

References

↑ Budzikiewicz H, Grigsby RD (2006). “Mass spectrometry and isotopes: a century of research and discussion”. Mass spectrometry reviews. 25 (1): 146–57. doi:10.1002/mas.20061. PMID 16134128.
↑ Prout, William (1815). “On the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms”. Annals of Philosophy. 6: 321–330. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
↑ Aston, Francis W. (1920). “The constitution of atmospheric neon”. Philosophical Magazine. 39 (6): 449–455. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

Harkins WD (1925). “The Separation of Chlorine into Isotopes (Isotopic Elements) and the Whole Number Rule for Atomic Weights”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 (10): 624–8. PMID 16587053.

External links

1922 Nobel Prize Presentation Speech

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[pmid16134128-1] Budzikiewicz H, Grigsby RD (2006). “Mass spectrometry and isotopes: a century of research and discussion”. Mass spectrometry reviews. 25 (1): 146–57. doi:10.1002/mas.20061. PMID 16134128.

[2] Prout, William (1815). “On the relation between the specific gravities of bodies in their gaseous state and the weights of their atoms”. Annals of Philosophy. 6: 321–330. Retrieved 2007-09-08.

[3] Aston, Francis W. (1920). “The constitution of atmospheric neon”. Philosophical Magazine. 39 (6): 449–455. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

Whole number rule

See also

References

External links

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