Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Roseola
Introduction
Roseola is an acute disease of infants and young children in which a high fever and skin rash occur.
What are the symptoms of Roseola?
The child may have a runny nose, sore throat, and eye redness.
A fever usually occurs before the rash appears. It lasts for 3 (sometimes up to 7) days. The fever may be as high as 105° Fahrenheit, and it generally responds well to acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Between the second and fourth day of the illness, the fever drops and a rash appears (often as the fever falls).
- The rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs, neck, and face. The rash is pink or rose-colored, and has fairly small sores that are slightly raised.
- The rash lasts from a few hours to 2 – 3 days. It usually does not itch.
Other symptoms include:
- Irritability
- High fever that comes on quickly
What causes Roseola?
It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), although similar syndromes are possible with other viruses.
Roseola occurs throughout the year. The time between becoming infected and the beginning of symptoms (incubation period) is 5 to 15 days.
Who is at highest risk?
The disease is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in those ages 6 months to 1 year.
Diagnosis
- Physical exam of rash
- Swollen lymph nodes on the neck (cervical nodes) or back of the scalp (occipital nodes)
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if your child:
- Has a fever that does not go down with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) and a warm bath
- Continues to appear very sick
- Acts irritable or lethargic
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if your child has convulsions.
Treatment options
There is no specific treatment. The disease usually gets better without complications.
Take steps to control a fever with acetaminophen (Tylenol) and cool sponge baths. If convulsions occur, call your health care provider, or go to the closest emergency room.
Where to find medical care for Roseola?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Roseola
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Most children with roseola fully recover.
Possible complications
- Aseptic meningitis (rare)
- Encephalitis (rare)
- Febrile seizure
Prevention of Roseola
The viruses that cause roseola are spread either through fecal-oral contact or via airborne droplets. Careful hand washing can help prevent the spread of these viruses.
Sources
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Want to know more?
A more detailed clinical article for the same condition is available from WikiDoc. It is written for medical professionals and uses technical language.