Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Pulmonary nodule
Introduction
- A solitary pulmonary nodule is a round or oval spot (lesion) in the lungs that is seen with a chest x-ray or CT scan.
What are the symptoms of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
- There are usually no symptoms.
What causes Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
- More than half of all solitary pulmonary are noncancerous (benign). Benign nodules have many causes, including old scars and infections.
- Infectious granulomas are the cause of most benign lesions.
- You have a greater risk for developing a solitary pulmonary nodule if you have:
- Tuberculosis or been exposed to TB
- Infectious lung diseases caused by fungus, such as:
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Aspergillosis
- However, the above conditions makes it more likely that the solitary pulmonary nodule is noncancerous.
- Young age, history of not smoking, calcium in the lesion, and small lesion size are factors associated with a noncancerous diagnosis.
- Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancerous (malignant) pulmonary nodules.
When to seek urgent medical care?
- A solitary pulmonary nodule is usually found by your health care professional when a chest x-ray is performed for some other reason.
Diagnosis
- A solitary pulmonary nodule is usually found on a chest x-ray. If x-rays repeated over time show the nodule size has remain unchanged for 2 years, it is generally considered benign.
- A chest CT scan is often done to look at a solitary pulmonary nodule in more detail.
- Other tests used to examine a solitary pulmonary nodule may include:
- PET scan
- Percutaneous needle biopsy
- Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) scan
- Skin tests to rule out infectious causes
- Lung biopsy
Treatment options
- Ask your doctor about the risks of a biopsy versus monitoring the size of the nodule with regular x-rays.
- Reasons for a biopsy or removing the nodule may include:
- Smoking
- The nodule size has grown compared to earlier x-rays
- A CT scan suggests the lesion is malignant (cancerous)
Where to find medical care for Solitary Pulmonary Nodule?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- The outlook is generally good if the nodule is benign.
- If the nodule does not grow larger over a 2-year period, under most circumstances nothing more need be done. On occasion, the appearance of the nodule on CT scan may warrant continued follow-up.
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000071.htm
References
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Want to know more?
A more detailed clinical article for the same condition is available from WikiDoc. It is written for medical professionals and uses technical language.