Coronary artery bypass surgery

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]; Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[3]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [5] Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [6]

Synonyms and keywords: Coronary artery bypass grafting, and colloquially heart bypass, bypass, bypass surgery, open heart surgery, or CABG (pronounced like cabbage), aortocoronary bypass (ACB). The term Coronary Artery Graft Surgery (CAGS) is often used outside the United States and should not be confused with Coronary Angiography (CAG). OPCAB refers to Off-pump coronary artery bypass, a procedure during which the patient is not placed on extracorporeal circulation (“the pump”).

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is a surgical revascularization procedure that is used to circumvent or bypass blockages in the epicardial coronary arteries associated with acute coronary syndromes (including ST elevation MI, non ST elevation MI, unstable angina) and stable angina. The technique was pioneered by Argentine cardiac surgeon René Favaloro at the Cleveland Clinic in the late 1960s. As part of the procedure, arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patient‘s body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). This surgery is usually performed with the heart stopped, necessitating the usage of cardiopulmonary bypass. However, recent advances allow the procedure to be performed with the heart beating and through smaller incisions. Currently, about 500,000 Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) are performed in the United States each year.

Saphenous Vein Graft Disease | Other Non-Atherosclerotic Saphenous Vein Graft Diseases

CABG in Patients with Acute MI | CABG in Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias | Emergency CABG after Failed PCI | CABG in Association with Other Cardiac Procedures | Heart Team Approach to Revascularization Decisions | Revascularization of Left Main CAD to Improve Survival | Revascularization of Non-Left Main CAD to Improve Survival | Revascularization to Improve Symptoms | CABG in Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Chest x-ray | Coronary Angiography | CT Angiography | MRI Angiography | Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography | Epiaortic Ultrasound

Aspirin and Clopidogrel | Beta-Blockers | ACE Inhibitors/ARBs | Management of Hyperlipidemia | Management of Mediastinitis/Perioperative Infection | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) To Treat Saphenous Vein Graft Failure | Maintaining Glucose Level | Coronary artery bypass surgery bleeding/transfusion | Management of Dysrhythmias | Smoking Cessation | Perioperative Management of Myocardial Dysfunction | Perioperative Carotid Artery Noninvasive Screening

Electrocardiographic Monitoring | Pulmonary Artery Catheterization | Central Nervous System Monitoring

Anesthetic Considerations | The Traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedure (Simplified) | Minimally Invasive CABG | Conduits Used for Bypass | Videos on Saphenous Vein-Graft Harvesting | Videos on Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery | Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Postoperative Antiplatelet Therapy

Anomalous Coronary Arteries | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Respiratory Insufficiency | Existing Renal Disease | Concomitant Valvular Disease | Previous Cardiac Surgery | Menopause | Carotid Disease Evaluation Before Surgery

• CABG
• Hybrid bypass
• Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (OPCAB)
• Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB)
• Cardiothoracic surgery
• Dressler’s syndrome
• Hybrid bypass

• Advances in Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures
• Cardiothoracic Surgery Notes an online interactive review developed by residents in cardiothoracic surgery
• Contenidos de Enfermería y Cirugía Cardiaca
• CTSNet: The Cardiothoracic Surgery Network
• Curso de Enfermería y Cirugía Cardiaca
• Heart Assist Devices
• LVAD Simulator
• Perfusion Line
• The CardioThoracic Surgery Network: Residents Section
• The Implantable Artificial Heart Project
• The Virtual Textbook Of Extracorporeal Technology
• Yale: Introduction to Cardiothoracic Imaging

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