Milk-alkali syndrome physical examination
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome: vertigo, confusion, apathy, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pruritus, polydipsia, polyuria, myalgia, tremor, psychosis, and abnormal calcifications (keratopathy, renal calcinosis).
Physical Examination
The following should be considered in the physical examination of milk-alkali syndrome:[1][2][3]
- Vertigo
- Confusion
- Apathy
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pruritus
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Myalgia
- Tremor
- Psychosis
- Abnormal calcifications
- Ocular calcification in the cornea (keratopathy) and in the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
- Renal calcinosis
- Metastatic calcification has also been reported in some less common sites such as central nervous system, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, bone, periarticular and subcutaneous tissue.
References
- ↑ Orwoll ES (1982). “The milk-alkali syndrome: current concepts”. Ann Intern Med. 97 (2): 242–8. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-242. PMID 7049033.
- ↑ Texter EC, Laureta HC (1966). “The milk-alkali syndrome”. Am J Dig Dis. 11 (5): 413–8. doi:10.1007/BF02233637. PMID 5327389.
- ↑ Medarov BI (2009). “Milk-alkali syndrome”. Mayo Clin Proc. 84 (3): 261–7. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0. PMC 2664604. PMID 19252114.
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