Ovarian germ cell tumor risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]

Gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome are known risk factors for the development of ovarian germ cell tumors. There are also other maternal factors that have been observed to be associated with increased risk of the development of these tumors in daughters. Factors such as maternal use of exogenous hormones, maternal elevated body mass index, and reproductive factors.

• Ovarian germ cell tumors tend to affect individuals with gonadal dysgenesis at a greater extent.^[1]
• Maternal hormonal factors are another things associated with the increased risk of the development of ovarian germ cell tumors in daughters. These factors include:^[2][3][4]
  • Maternal use of exogenous hormones (ie, supportive hormones or oral contraceptives)
  • Maternal high body mass index
• Other reproductive factors also has been observed to be associated with the development of these tumors such as:
  • Parity
  • Oral contraceptive use
  • Age at first and last births

• Common risk factors in the malignant transformation of mature teratoma include:
  • Old age (> 50 years old)^[5]
  • Large tumor size (> 10 cm)
  • Presence of a solid portion^[6]

• Common risk factors in the development of dysgerminoma are gonadal dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome and gonadoblastoma.^[7]

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