Bornholm disease causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S
Overview
Overview
Bornholm disease usually is caused by one of the group B coxsackie viruses and is less often caused by a group A coxsackie virus or an echovirus. The most prevalent Coxsackievirus virus strains included B3 and B4 followed by A4, A6, A9, and A10.
Causes
Causes
Bornholm disease is often due to either the Coxsackie virus or echovirus. The most prevalent strains include:
- Coxsackievirus B (CBV) types B3 and B4
- Coxsackievirus A (CAV) types 4, 6, 9 and 10
- Echovirus types 1, 6, 8, 9 and 19
- Although less common, there have been some cases associated with Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3)[1]
Generally, Coxsackievirus B virus presents with more severe respiratory complaints compared to Coxsackievirus A strains. Apart from respiratory symptoms, the Coxsackievirus B virus has also presented with cases of aseptic meningitis, pericarditis, and orchitis as well as herpangina and tonsillitis/pharyngitis. The CB4 strain has also been associated with herpangina in children.[2] The CB5 strains have been found to be particularly associated with myocarditis and pericarditis.[3] The clinical spectrum varies depending on age groups for the Coxsackievirus A and B strains of the virus. Although severe progression of the disease is rare, it has been associated in particular with the Coxsackievirus B3 virus.[4]
References
References
- ↑ Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K; et al. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019”. Intern Med. 59 (14): 1721–1726. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20. PMC 7434534 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32296005 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). “Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children”. PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal (2018) Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. Respir Med Case Rep 25 ():270-273. DOI:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 PMID: 30364740
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). “Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children”. PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
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