Bornholm disease secondary prevention

Secondary prevention occurs once the disease has developed and aims to prevent progression and development of further complications. Viral meningitis can be prevented by strict isolation, frequent hand washing and appropriate hand hygiene especially after using the bathroom. The development of orchitis may be prevented by surgical correction of underlying UTI’s. Hepatitis is avoidable by the use of vaccines and safe eating habits. Pericarditis can be prevented by the concomitant use of aspirin and colchicine. Respiratory distress can be prevented by controlling various properties, including the tidal volume, PEEP, FiO2, and reducing the risk of aspiration by elevating the head end of bed and maintaining oral hygiene.

Prevention of complications includes:

• Acute viral meningitis: strict isolation, frequent hand washing and appropriate hand hygiene especially after using the bathroom^[1]
• Orchitis: surgical correction of underlying UTI’s in eligible patients^[2]

• Hepatitis: vaccinate individuals travelling to endemic regions, avoid shellfish and unsanitary water^[3]
• Pericarditis: use of aspirin and colchicine (1-2 mg for 6 months)^[4]
• Respiratory distress:^[5]

• Tidal volume between 6 and 8 mL/kg of body weight
• Plateau pressure < 30 cm H2O, PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O
• Minimize FiO2 (levels >60% lead are associated with oxygen toxicity)
• Reduce the risk of aspiration (elevate head end of bed, maintain oral hygiene)

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