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Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the prostate gland that develops slowly and continues for a long period of time. It is a chronic infection of the prostate gland.

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Chronic prostatitis is usually caused by a chronic bacterial infection of the prostate gland. It may occur with or follow:

• Acute prostatitis
• Epididymitis
• Urinary tract infection that often returns (is recurrent)
• Urethritis

The most common bacteria species that cause chronic prostatitis include:

• Escherichia coli
• Enterobacter cloacae
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Proteus species

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It should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

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• Age over 30
• Certain sexual practices (such as anal sex without a condom)
• Excessive alcohol intake
• Injury to the perineum (the area between the scrotum and anus)
• These factors may cause congestion of the prostate gland, which produces a breeding ground for bacteria.

Other possible causes are related to stress and tightness of the pelvic muscles.

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It is common for symptoms to return. Over time, the relapse rate is high, exceeding 50%. A 2007 study showed that repeated courses of combination antibiotics may eradicate infection in 83.9% of patients with clinical remission extending throughout a follow-up period of 30 months for 94% of these patients.^[1]

If the prostate is very large, it can slow urine flow through the urethra and cause the backward flow (reflux) of urine toward the kidneys, which can cause kidney damage.

If the flow of urine completely stops, it is considered an emergency.