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Dermoid cyst


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Spinal cutaneous inclusion tumor; Benign cystic teratoma, Ovarian dermoid; Cystic dermoid choristoma of spinal cord; Periorbital dermoid cyst; Intracranial dermoid cyst; Intracranial dermoidcyst; Spinal dermoid cyst; Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth; Ectodermal inclusion cyst

Overview

Overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

The term “dermoid cyst” was first coined by Leblanc, in 1831 following the removal of a lesion that resembled skin at the base of a horse’s skull.[1] Dermoid cysts were first clearly described in 1885 by Bytlin. In 1891, Chairi was the first to propose that the tumors in the floor of the mouth originated from the entrapped epidermoid cells during the embryonic age.[2] Dermoid cysts may be classified according to the mode of occurrence into congenital and aquired types and into several subtypes based on the anatomical location.[3][4][5] Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapped embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.[6] Acquired dermoid cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[2][6] On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[6] On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[7][8] Dermoid cyst must be differentiated from teratoma, as well as other common benign tumors that develop in the head and neck, ovaries, or spine (such as pilar cysts, steatocystoma, pilomatrixoma, encephalocele, vascular malformations, lipoleiomyoma, pilonidal cyst, and lipoma).[5][3][8][8][9] Dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors. Spinal dermoid cysts commonly affect individuals in their second or third decades of life.[8] Males are more commonly affected with spinal dermoid cysts than females.[8] Dermoid cysts in other locations affect men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to the dermoid cysts. The majority of patients with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location. Depending on the anatomical location of the tumor, the prognosis may vary. The majority of patients with ovarian dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. They are discovered incidentally on routine physical exam or imaging for other reasons.[1] Physical examination findings in patients with dermoid cyst may include a painless swelling that may be freely mobile or fixed to the skin and deeper structures. Congenital dermoid cysts localized to the scalp, neck or trunk are usually visible at birth. Xray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of dermoid cysts. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for dermoid cysts.[10]

Historical Perspective

The term “dermoid cyst” was first coined by Leblanc, in 1831 following the removal of a lesion that resembled skin at the base of a horse’s skull.[1] Dermoid cysts were first clearly described in 1885 by Bytlin. In 1891, Chairi was the first to propose that the tumors in the floor of the mouth originated from the entrapped epidermoid cells during the embryonic age.[2]

Classification

Dermoid cysts may be classified according to the mode of occurrence into congenital and aquired types and into several subtypes based on the anatomical location.[3][11][5]

Pathophysiology

Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapped embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.[6] Acquired dermoid cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[2][6] On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[6] On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[12][8]

Causes

Dermoid cysts are caused by the entrapped embryonic ectodermal cells in the embryonic lines of fusion during the fetal development. Acquired dermoid cysts may be caused by iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[6]

Differentiating Dermoid Cyst from other Diseases

Dermoid cyst must be differentiated from teratoma, as well as other common benign tumors that develop in the head and neck, ovaries, or spine (such as pilar cysts, steatocystoma, pilomatrixoma, encephalocele, vascular malformations, lipoleiomyoma, pilonidal cyst, and lipoma).[5][3][8][13]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors. Spinal dermoid cysts commonly affect individuals in their second or third decades of life.[8] Males are more commonly affected with spinal dermoid cysts than females.[8] Dermoid cysts in other locations affect men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to the dermoid cysts.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for dermoid cysts.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for dermoid cysts.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

The majority of patients with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location. Common complications of ovarian dermoid cysts include torsion, rupture, and infection.[14][15] Common complications of periorbital dermoid cysts include inflammation and recurrence when not completely excised.[14] Rupture is the most common complication of spinal dermoid cysts.[14] Common complications of intracranial dermoid cysts include compression of adjacent structures from the mass effect and rupture of the cysts.[16][17] Infection is the most common complication of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth.[2] Malignant transformation usually into squamous cell carcinoma is a rare complication of dermoid cysts.[18][15] Depending on the anatomical location of the tumor, the prognosis may vary.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Congenital dermoid cysts localized to the scalp, neck or trunk are usually visible at birth and gradually grow in size. The majority of patients with ovarian dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. They are discovered incidentally on routine physical exam or imaging for other reasons.[1] Large ovarian dermoid cysts may present with abdominal pain or abdominal mass.[19] Symptoms of spinal dermoid cyst may include motor disturbances (hemiplegia), sensory disturbances, bowel and/or bladder dysfunction, fecal retention or incontinence, and urinary retention or incontinence. Headache is the most prominent symptom of intracranial dermoid cyst.[20] Symptoms of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth may include dysphagia, dysarthria, dyspnea (when the lesions are quiet large), and speech delay.[2]

Physical Examination

Physical examination findings in patients with dermoid cyst may include a painless swelling that may be freely mobile or fixed to the skin and deeper structures. Congenital dermoid cysts localized to the scalp, neck or trunk are usually visible at birth. A tuft of hairs emanating from a midline nasal depression or nodule may represent a nasal dermoid cyst. A tarsal dermoid cyst may present as a firm, non tender nodule in the eyelid. Periorbital demoid cysts usually appear on the lateral aspect of the eyebrow. Dermoid cysts of the scalp or orbit may cause pressure erosion of the underlying bone which appears as a punched out defect in the skull x rays. A double-chin appearance is a common finding if the cyst develops below the mylohyoid muscle.[21][22][23][24][2]

Laboratory Findings

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with dermoid cysts.

X Ray

X rays may be helpful in the diagnosis of dermoid cysts. Findings on pelvic x ray suggestive of ovarian demoid cyst may include calcifications and tooth components.[10] On x-rays, dermoid cysts are characterized by a focal lucency due to the fatty sebum.[25] X rays may appear normal in other dermoid cysts.

CT

CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Findings on CT scan suggestive of ovarian dermoid cyst include low attenuating areas of fat and fat-fluid levels, rokitansky protuberance, soft tissue plugs, and cauliflower appearance with irregular borders.[26][27] Findings on CT scan suggestive of spinal dermoid cysts include well defined mass isodense to cerebrospinal fluid, often with hypodense components (fat) and calcification, widening of the spinal canal, flattening of the pedicles and laminae, and osseous erosions.[28] Findings on CT scan suggestive of intracranial dermoid cyst include well defined low attenuating (fat density) lobulated mass with calcifications in the wall.[16]

MRI

MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Findings on MRI suggestive of dermoid cyst include hypointense (due to the water content) or hyperintense (due to the presence of fatty secretions of sebaceous glands) T1 signal, hyperintense T2 signal, and no enhancement or mild rim enhancement on contrast T1 signal.[29][30]

Ultrasound

Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cyst. Findings on pelvic ultrasound suggestive of ovarian dermoid include unilocular, cystic adnexal mass with mural components, diffusely or partially echogenic mass with posterior sound attenuation (from the sebaceous material and hair within the cyst cavity), an echogenic interface at the edge of mass that obscures deep structures, mural hyperechoic dermoid plug, presence of fluid-fluid levels, and multiple thin, echogenic bands caused by hair in the cyst cavity (the dot-dash pattern).[31][32]

Other Imaging Findings

Scintigraphy may be performed to differentiate a submental dermoid cyst from an ectopic thyroid tissue swelling.[2]

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are no other diagnostic findings associated with dermoid cysts.

Treatment

Medical Therapy

The mainstay of therapy for dermoid cysts is surgery.[10]

Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for dermoid cysts.[10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Comerci JT, Licciardi F, Bergh PA, Gregori C, Breen JL (1994). “Mature cystic teratoma: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of the literature”. Obstet Gynecol. 84 (1): 22–8. PMID 8008317.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). “Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports”. Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 4, 2016.
  4. ↑ Spinal dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst Accessed on February 10, 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ohta N, Watanabe T, Ito T, Kubota T, Suzuki Y, Ishida A; et al. (2012). “A case of sublingual dermoid cyst: extending the limits of the oral approach”. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2012: 634949. doi:10.1155/2012/634949. PMC 3465894. PMID 23056976.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Elsheikh, Tarik (2002), Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum, Muncie, IN: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, p. 97-99, retrieved February 2, 2016
  7. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). “Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]”. Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  9. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopaedia.org. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 5, 2016.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 2, 2016
  11. ↑ Spinal dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst Accessed on February 10, 2016.
  12. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  13. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopaedia.org. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 5, 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 11, 2016
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma Radiopedia. Accessed on February 11, 2016
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Intracranial dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
  17. ↑ Jacquin A, Béjot Y, Hervieu M, Biotti D, Caillier M, Ricolfi FC; et al. (2010). “[Rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets]”. Rev Neurol (Paris). 166 (4): 451–7. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2009.09.003. PMID 19846186.
  18. ↑ Osborn AG, Preece MT (2006). “Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach”. Radiology. 239 (3): 650–64. doi:10.1148/radiol.2393050823. PMID 16714456.
  19. ↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
  20. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
  21. ↑ Madke B, Nayak C, Giri A, Jain M (2013). “Nasal dermoid sinus cyst in a young female”. Indian Dermatol Online J. 4 (4): 380–1. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.120669. PMC 3853920. PMID 24350035.
  22. ↑ Koreen IV, Kahana A, Gausas RE, Potter HD, Lemke BN, Elner VM (2009). “Tarsal dermoid cyst: clinical presentation and treatment”. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 25 (2): 146–7. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e31819aae6e. PMID 19300165.
  23. ↑ Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst.Accessed on February 22, 2016
  24. ↑ Maurice SM, Burstein FD (2012). “Disappearing dermoid: fact or fiction?”. J Craniofac Surg. 23 (1): e31–3. doi:10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182420981. PMID 22337456.
  25. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 17, 2016.
  26. ↑ Sheth S, Fishman EK, Buck JL, Hamper UM, Sanders RC (1988). “The variable sonographic appearances of ovarian teratomas: correlation with CT”. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 151 (2): 331–4. doi:10.2214/ajr.151.2.331. PMID 3293377.
  27. ↑ Occhipinti KA, Frankel SD, Hricak H (1993). “The ovary. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging”. Radiol Clin North Am. 31 (5): 1115–32. PMID 8362057.
  28. ↑ Spinal dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst. Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  29. ↑ Sanaullah M, Mumtaz S, Memon AA, Hashim AS, Bashir S (2013). “Intramedullary dermoid cyst with relatively atypical symptoms: a case report and review of the literature”. J Med Case Rep. 7: 104. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-7-104. PMC 3639845. PMID 23590721.
  30. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst.Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 19, 2016
  31. ↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma Accessed on February 19, 2016
  32. ↑ Patel MD, Feldstein VA, Lipson SD, Chen DC, Filly RA (1998). “Cystic teratomas of the ovary: diagnostic value of sonography”. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171 (4): 1061–5. doi:10.2214/ajr.171.4.9762997. PMID 9762997.


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Historical Perspective

Historical Perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

The term “dermoid cyst” was first coined by Leblanc, in 1831 following the removal of a lesion that resembled skin at the base of a horse’s skull.[1] Dermoid cysts were first clearly described in 1885 by Bytlin. In 1891, Chairi was the first to propose that the tumors in the floor of the mouth originated from the entrapment of epidermoid cells during the embryonic age.[2]

Historical Perspective

  • The term “dermoid cyst” was first coined by Leblanc, in 1831 following the removal of a lesion that resembled skin at the base of a horse’s skull.[1]
  • Dermoid cysts were first clearly described in 1885 by Bytlin.[2]
  • In 1891, Chairi was the first to propose that the tumors in the floor of the mouth originated from the entrapment of epidermoid cells at the embryonic age.[2]
  • Two centuries ago, it was believed that the benign cystic teratomas of the ovaries occurred as a result of witchcraft and were believed to occur in spinsters with unclean thoughts.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Comerci JT, Licciardi F, Bergh PA, Gregori C, Breen JL (1994). “Mature cystic teratoma: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of the literature”. Obstet Gynecol. 84 (1): 22–8. PMID 8008317.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). “Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports”. Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
  3. ↑ Sanghera P, El Modir A, Simon J (2006). “Malignant transformation within a dermoid cyst: a case report and literature review”. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 274 (3): 178–80. doi:10.1007/s00404-006-0139-x. PMID 16525791.


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Classification

Classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Dermoid cysts may be classified according to the mode of occurrence into congenital and aquired types. Dermoid cysts may also be classified into several subtypes based on the anatomical location.[1][2][3]

Classification

  • Dermoid cysts may be classified according to the mode of occurrence into:[1]
  • Dermoid cysts may also be classified into several subtypes based on the anatomical location:[1][4][5][6]
    • Ovarian dermoid cyst
    • Periorbital dermoid cyst
    • Spinal dermoid cyst
    • Intracranial dermoid cyst
    • Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 4, 2016.
  2. ↑ Spinal dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst Accessed on February 10, 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ohta N, Watanabe T, Ito T, Kubota T, Suzuki Y, Ishida A; et al. (2012). “A case of sublingual dermoid cyst: extending the limits of the oral approach”. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2012: 634949. doi:10.1155/2012/634949. PMC 3465894. PMID 23056976.
  4. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 10, 2016.
  5. ↑ Spinal dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst Accessed on February 10, 2016.
  6. ↑ Cabibi D, Martorana A, Cappello F, Barresi E, Di Gangi C, Rodolico V (March 2006). “Carcinosarcoma of monoclonal origin arising in a dermoid cyst of ovary: a case report”. BMC Cancer. 6: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-47. PMC 1420311. PMID 16509974.


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Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [3]

Overview

Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapped embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, teeth, and sebaceous glands.[1] Acquired dermoid cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[2][1] On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[1] On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[3][4]

Pathogenesis

  • Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapped embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, teeth, and sebaceous glands.[1]
  • Dermoid cysts occur in the embryonic lines of fusion. The majority of cases are reported in the midline of the body, particularly in the ovaries and testis.[2]

Spinal Dermoid Cysts

  • Spinal dermoid cysts arise from the embryonal ectodermal cells that are arrested within the spinal canal at the time of neural tube closure during development.[4]
  • Spinal dermoid cysts are usually located in the lumbosacral region (60%) and rarely located in the upper thoracic (10%) and cervical regions (5%).[5]

Intracranial Dermoid Cysts

  • Intracranial dermoid cysts are usually located in the midline, although they can occur on any side.
  • The most common locations include:

Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth

  • The pathogenesis of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth is hypothesized into the following three theories:[2][1]
    • Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth arise from the entrapped embryonic ectodermal cells in the third or fourth week of embryonic life during the midline fusion of the first and second branchial arches.
    • The second theory is that the acquired cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.
    • The last theory is that the cysts of the floor of the mouth are a thyroglossal anomaly with predominantly ectodermal components.

Gross pathology

  • On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[1]
  • Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]
    Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]
  • Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]
    Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]
  • The macroscopic image of the surgical extract of a submental dermoid cyst with clear evidence of cystic formation containing smegma and hair, indicative of a dermoid cyst.[2]
    The macroscopic image of the surgical extract of a submental dermoid cyst with clear evidence of cystic formation containing smegma and hair, indicative of a dermoid cyst.[2]

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[7][4]

  • Pathology of a sublingual cyst showing orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a flat epithelial-connective tissue interface lining the cystic cavity, sebaceous glands, and hair, along with copious sebaceous material.[8]
    Pathology of a sublingual cyst showing orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a flat epithelial-connective tissue interface lining the cystic cavity, sebaceous glands, and hair, along with copious sebaceous material.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Elsheikh, Tarik (2002), Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum, Muncie, IN: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, p. 97-99, retrieved February 2, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). “Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports”. Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
  3. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). “Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]”. Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  5. ↑ Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N (2006). “A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity”. Diagn Interv Radiol. 12 (4): 171–3. PMID 17160798.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Image courtesy of Frank GaillardRadiopaedia (original filehere). [1] CreativeCommons BY-SANC
  7. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ Ohta N, Watanabe T, Ito T, Kubota T, Suzuki Y, Ishida A; et al. (2012). “A case of sublingual dermoid cyst: extending the limits of the oral approach”. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2012: 634949. doi:10.1155/2012/634949. PMC 3465894. PMID 23056976.


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Causes

Causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Dermoid cysts are caused by the entrapment of the embryonic ectodermal cells in the embryonic lines of fusion during the fetal development. Acquired dermoid cysts may be caused by iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[1]

Causes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dermoid cyst.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 22, 2016.


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Differentiating Dermoid cyst from other Diseases

Differentiating Dermoid cyst from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Dermoid cyst must be differentiated from teratoma, as well as other common benign tumors that develop in the head and neck, ovaries, or spine (such as pilar cysts, steatocystoma, pilomatrixoma, encephalocele, vascular malformations, lipoleiomyoma, pilonidal cyst, and lipoma).[1][2][3][3][4]

Differential Diagnosis

Head and Neck

Dermoid cysts of head and neck must be differentiated from the following:[1][2]

Ovarian Dermoid Cysts


Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Age of onset Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Immunohistopathology
Pelvic/abdominal pain or pressure Vaginal bleeding/discharge GI dysturbance Fever Tenderness CT scan/US MRI
Gynecologic
Ovarian Dermoid cyst
[5] 		+/– – – – +/–
  • cyst with no internal echo and with posterior acoustic enhancement
  • NA
Follicular cysts
[5] 		+/– – – – +/–
  • In US we may see a >3 cm simple cyst with no internal echo and with posterior acoustic enhancement
  • NA
Theca lutein cysts
[6][7][8] 		+/– – – – +/–
Serous cystadenoma/carcinoma
[9][10][11][12]
  • >55 y/o
 +/– – – – +/–
  • In US we may see simple or multiloculated cyst
  • In serous cystadenocarcinoma we may see papillary projection inside the cyst
  • In serous cystadenocarcinoma we may see ascites
  • We may see a simple cyst with beak sign, hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
  • We may see some Solid malignant components inside the cyst with intermediate signal on T1 and T2
Mucinous cystadenoma/carcinoma
[13][14][15]
  • >55 y/o
 +/– – – – +/–
  • Stained glass appearance due to variable signal intensity on T1 and T2
  • The more mucin we have, there is more intensity on T1
  • and less intensity on T2
Endometrioma
[16][17][18] 		+ + +/– – +
  • hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and a hypointensity on T2-weighted images
  • Powder burn hemorrhages
Teratoma
[19][20][21][22]
  • 10-30 y/o
 +/– – – – +/–
  • We may see evidence of fat components
Dysgerminoma
[23][24]
  • in the second to third decade of life
 + +/– – – +/–
  • We may see ovarian mass with septation which are hyperintense on T1 and hypo or isointense on T2 imaging
  • Sheets fried egg appearance cells
Yolk sac tumor
[25][26][27] 		+ – – – +
  • High levels of AFP
  • In US we may see a combination of echogenic and hypoechoic components
  • Yellow appearance
  • Schiller-Duval bodies (glomeruli like structures)
Fibroma
[28][29][30]
  • >50 y/o
  • Pulling sensation in the groin
 – – – +/–
  • In CT scan we may see a unilateral mass with poor contrast enhancement
  • Low signal intensity on T1 and T2
Thecoma
[31][32][33]
  • >50 y/o
 +/– – – –
Granulosa cell tumor
[34][35][36][37]
  • 50-60 y/o
 + +/– – –
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor
[38][39]
  • 15 to 35 y/o
 +/– – – – –
  • In US we may see unilateral Well-defined hypoechoic lesion
  • Low T2 signal intensity
  • areas of high signal intensity
Brenner tumor
[40][41]
  • >55 y/o
 +/– – – – – –
  • Hypointense on T2 because of fibrous content
  • Most of the times it’s an accidental finding
Krukenberg tumor
[42][43]
  • >55 y/o
 +/– – +/–

Based on underlying malignancy

– –

Spinal Dermoid Cysts

Others

Dermoid cysts must also be differentiated from the following:[44]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ohta N, Watanabe T, Ito T, Kubota T, Suzuki Y, Ishida A; et al. (2012). “A case of sublingual dermoid cyst: extending the limits of the oral approach”. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2012: 634949. doi:10.1155/2012/634949. PMC 3465894. PMID 23056976.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 4, 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). “Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]”. Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  4. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopaedia.org. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 5, 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Levine D, Brown DL, Andreotti RF, Benacerraf B, Benson CB, Brewster WR, Coleman B, Depriest P, Doubilet PM, Goldstein SR, Hamper UM, Hecht JL, Horrow M, Hur HC, Marnach M, Patel MD, Platt LD, Puscheck E, Smith-Bindman R (September 2010). “Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement”. Radiology. 256 (3): 943–54. doi:10.1148/radiol.10100213. PMID 20505067.
  6. ↑ Montz FJ, Schlaerth JB, Morrow CP (August 1988). “The natural history of theca lutein cysts”. Obstet Gynecol. 72 (2): 247–51. PMID 2455880.
  7. ↑ Southam, Anna L. (1962). “Massive Ovarian Hyperstimulation with Clomiphene Citrate”. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 181 (5): 443. doi:10.1001/jama.1962.03050310083018b. ISSN 0098-7484.
  8. ↑ Nguyen, K T; Reid, R L; Sauerbrei, E (1986). “Antenatal sonographic detection of a fetal theca lutein cyst: a clue to maternal diabetes mellitus”. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 5 (11): 665–667. doi:10.7863/jum.1986.5.11.665. ISSN 0278-4297.
  9. ↑ Jung, Seung Eun; Lee, Jae Mun; Rha, Sung Eun; Byun, Jae Young; Jung, Jung Im; Hahn, Seong Tai (2002). “CT and MR Imaging of Ovarian Tumors with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis”. RadioGraphics. 22 (6): 1305–1325. doi:10.1148/rg.226025033. ISSN 0271-5333.
  10. ↑ Imai, Shunsuke; Kiyozuka, Yasuhiko; Maeda, Hiroko; Noda, Tuneo; Hosick, Howard L. (1990). “Establishment and Characterization of a Human Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma Cell Line That Produces the Tumor Markers CA-125 and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen”. Oncology. 47 (2): 177–184. doi:10.1159/000226813. ISSN 0030-2414.
  11. ↑ Malpica A, Deavers MT, Lu K, Bodurka DC, Atkinson EN, Gershenson DM, Silva EG (April 2004). “Grading ovarian serous carcinoma using a two-tier system”. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28 (4): 496–504. PMID 15087669.
  12. ↑ Li J, Fadare O, Xiang L, Kong B, Zheng W (March 2012). “Ovarian serous carcinoma: recent concepts on its origin and carcinogenesis”. J Hematol Oncol. 5: 8. doi:10.1186/1756-8722-5-8. PMID 22405464.
  13. ↑ Hoerl HD, Hart WR (December 1998). “Primary ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases with long-term follow-up”. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 22 (12): 1449–62. PMID 9850171.
  14. ↑ Lee KR, Scully RE (November 2000). “Mucinous tumors of the ovary: a clinicopathologic study of 196 borderline tumors (of intestinal type) and carcinomas, including an evaluation of 11 cases with ‘pseudomyxoma peritonei‘“. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 24 (11): 1447–64. PMID 11075847.
  15. ↑ Jung, Seung Eun; Lee, Jae Mun; Rha, Sung Eun; Byun, Jae Young; Jung, Jung Im; Hahn, Seong Tai (2002). “CT and MR Imaging of Ovarian Tumors with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis”. RadioGraphics. 22 (6): 1305–1325. doi:10.1148/rg.226025033. ISSN 0271-5333.
  16. ↑ Mol BW, Bayram N, Lijmer JG, Wiegerinck MA, Bongers MY, van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM (December 1998). “The performance of CA-125 measurement in the detection of endometriosis: a meta-analysis”. Fertil. Steril. 70 (6): 1101–8. PMID 9848302.
  17. ↑ Kinkel, Karen; Frei, Kathrin A.; Balleyguier, Corinne; Chapron, Charles (2005). “Diagnosis of endometriosis with imaging: a review”. European Radiology. 16 (2): 285–298. doi:10.1007/s00330-005-2882-y. ISSN 0938-7994.
  18. ↑ de Ziegler, Dominique; Borghese, Bruno; Chapron, Charles (2010). “Endometriosis and infertility: pathophysiology and management”. The Lancet. 376 (9742): 730–738. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60490-4. ISSN 0140-6736.
  19. ↑ Kawai, Michiyasu; Kano, Takeo; Kikkawa, Fumitaka; Morikawa, Yoshimitsu; Oguchi, Hidenori; Nakashima, Nobuo; Ishizuka, Takao; Kuzuya, Kazuo; Ohta, Masahiro; Arii, Yoshitaro; Tomoda, Yutaka (1992). “Seven tumor markers in benign and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary”. Gynecologic Oncology. 45 (3): 248–253. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(92)90299-X. ISSN 0090-8258.
  20. ↑ Dunzendorfer, Thomas; deLAS MORENAS, ANTONIO; Kalir, Tamara; Levin, Robert M. (1999). “Struma Ovarii and Hyperthyroidism”. Thyroid. 9 (5): 499–502. doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.499. ISSN 1050-7256.
  21. ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). “Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics”. RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
  22. ↑ Saba, Luca; Guerriero, Stefano; Sulcis, Rosa; Virgilio, Bruna; Melis, GianBenedetto; Mallarini, Giorgio (2009). “Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics”. European Journal of Radiology. 72 (3): 454–463. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044. ISSN 0720-048X.
  23. ↑ Dgani, R.; Shoham(Schwartz), Z.; Czernobilsky, B.; Kaftori, A.; Borenstein, R.; Lancet, M. (1988). “Lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and human chorionic gonadotropin in a pure ovarian dysgerminoma”. Gynecologic Oncology. 30 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(88)90044-3. ISSN 0090-8258.
  24. ↑ Tanaka YO, Kurosaki Y, Nishida M, Michishita N, Kuramoto K, Itai Y, Kubo T (1994). “Ovarian dysgerminoma: MR and CT appearance”. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 18 (3): 443–8. PMID 8188914.
  25. ↑ Yang, Grace C.H. (2000). “Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Schiller-Duval bodies of yolk-sac tumor”. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 23 (4): 228–232. doi:10.1002/1097-0339(200010)23:4<228::AID-DC2>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 8755-1039.
  26. ↑ Levitin, A; Haller, K D; Cohen, H L; Zinn, D L; O’Connor, M T (1996). “Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: imaging evaluation”. American Journal of Roentgenology. 167 (3): 791–793. doi:10.2214/ajr.167.3.8751702. ISSN 0361-803X.
  27. ↑ Talerman, A.; Haije, W. G. (1974). “Alpha-fetoprotein and germ cell tumors: A possible role of yolk sac tumor in production of alpha-fetoprotein”. Cancer. 34 (5): 1722–1726. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197411)34:5<1722::AID-CNCR2820340521>3.0.CO;2-F. ISSN 0008-543X.
  28. ↑ MEIGS JV (May 1954). “Fibroma of the ovary with ascites and hydrothorax; Meigs’ syndrome”. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 67 (5): 962–85. PMID 13148256.
  29. ↑ Sivanesaratnam, V.; Dutta, R.; Jayalakshmi, P. (1990). “Ovarian fibroma – clinical and histopathological characteristics”. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 33 (3): 243–247. doi:10.1016/0020-7292(90)90009-A. ISSN 0020-7292.
  30. ↑ Abad, Antonio; Cazorla, Eduardo; Ruiz, Fernando; Aznar, Ismael; Asins, Enrique; Llixiona, Joaquin (1999). “Meigs’ syndrome with elevated CA125: case report and review of the literature”. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 82 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(98)00174-2. ISSN 0301-2115.
  31. ↑ Yaghoobian, Jahanguir; Pinck, Robert L. (1983). “Ultrasound findings in thecoma of the ovary”. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 11 (2): 91–93. doi:10.1002/jcu.1870110207. ISSN 0091-2751.
  32. ↑ Li, Xinchun; Zhang, Weidong; Zhu, Guangbin; Sun, Congpeng; Liu, Qingyu; Shen, Yuechun (2012). “Imaging Features and Pathologic Characteristics of Ovarian Thecoma”. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 36 (1): 46–53. doi:10.1097/RCT.0b013e31823f6186. ISSN 0363-8715.
  33. ↑ Proctor, Francis E.; Greeley, Joseph P.; Rathmell, Thomas K. (1951). “Malignant thecoma of the ovary”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 62 (1): 185–192. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(51)91109-X. ISSN 0002-9378.
  34. ↑ Pectasides D, Pectasides E, Psyrri A (February 2008). “Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary”. Cancer Treat. Rev. 34 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.08.007. PMID 17945423.
  35. ↑ Stenwig, Jan Trygve; Hazekamp, Johan The.; Beecham, Jackson B. (1979). “Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. A clinicopathological study of 118 cases with long-term follow-up”. Gynecologic Oncology. 7 (2): 136–152. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(79)90090-8. ISSN 0090-8258.
  36. ↑ Morikawa K, Hatabu H, Togashi K, Kataoka ML, Mori T, Konishi J (1997). “Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: MR findings”. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21 (6): 1001–4. PMID 9386298.
  37. ↑ Ko SF, Wan YL, Ng SH, Lee TY, Lin JW, Chen WJ, Kung FT, Tsai CC (May 1999). “Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors: spectrum of sonographic and CT findings with pathologic correlation”. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172 (5): 1227–33. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.5.10227493. PMID 10227493.
  38. ↑ Lantzsch, T.; Stoerer, S.; Lawrenz, K.; Buchmann, J.; Strauss, H.-G.; Koelbl, H. (2001). “Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor”. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 264 (4): 206–208. doi:10.1007/s004040000114. ISSN 0932-0067.
  39. ↑ Jung, Seung Eun; Rha, Sung Eun; Lee, Jae Mun; Park, Soo Youn; Oh, Soon Nam; Cho, Kyoung Sik; Lee, Eun Ju; Byun, Jae Young; Hahn, Seong Tai (2005). “CT and MRI Findings of Sex Cord–Stromal Tumor of the Ovary”. American Journal of Roentgenology. 185 (1): 207–215. doi:10.2214/ajr.185.1.01850207. ISSN 0361-803X.
  40. ↑ Shevchuk, Maria M.; Fenoglio, Cecilia M.; Richart, Ralph M. (1980). “Histogenesis of brenner tumors, I: Histology and ultrastructure”. Cancer. 46 (12): 2607–2616. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19801215)46:12<2607::AID-CNCR2820461213>3.0.CO;2-Q. ISSN 0008-543X.
  41. ↑ Outwater, Eric K; Siegelman, Evan S; Kim, Bohyun; Chiowanich, Peerapod; Blasbalg, Roberto; Kilger, Alex (1998). “Ovarian Brenner tumors: MR imaging characteristics”. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 16 (10): 1147–1153. doi:10.1016/S0730-725X(98)00136-2. ISSN 0730-725X.
  42. ↑ Kim SH, Kim WH, Park KJ, Lee JK, Kim JS (1996). “CT and MR findings of Krukenberg tumors: comparison with primary ovarian tumors”. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 20 (3): 393–8. PMID 8626898.
  43. ↑ Al-Agha OM, Nicastri AD (November 2006). “An in-depth look at Krukenberg tumor: an overview”. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 130 (11): 1725–30. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[1725:AILAKT]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17076540.
  44. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopaedia.org. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 5, 2016.


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Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology and Demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors. Spinal dermoid cysts commonly affect individuals in their second or third decades of life.[1] Males are more commonly affected with spinal dermoid cysts than females.[1] Dermoid cysts in other locations affect men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to the dermoid cysts.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

  • Spinal dermoid cysts commonly affect individuals in their second or third decades of life.[1][2]

Gender

  • Males are more commonly affected with spinal dermoid cysts than females.[1]
  • Dermoid cysts in other locations affect men and women equally.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to the dermoid cysts.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). “Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]”. Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  2. ↑ Childress KJ, Santos XM, Perez-Milicua G, Hakim J, Adeyemi-Fowode O, Bercaw-Pratt JL, Dietrich JE (December 2017). “Intraoperative Rupture of Ovarian Dermoid Cysts in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population: Should This Change Your Surgical Management?”. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 30 (6): 636–640. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2017.03.139. PMID 28336475.


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Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for dermoid cysts.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for dermoid cysts.

Screening

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for dermoid cysts.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for dermoid cysts.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

The majority of patients with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location. Common complications of ovarian dermoid cysts include torsion, rupture, and infection.[1][2] Common complications of periorbital dermoid cysts include inflammation and recurrence when not completely excised.[1] Rupture is the most common complication of spinal dermoid cysts.[1] Common complications of intracranial dermoid cysts include compression of adjacent structures from the mass effect and rupture of the cysts.[3][4] Infection is the most common complication of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth.[5] Malignant transformation usually into squamous cell carcinoma is a rare complication of dermoid cysts.[6][2] Depending on the anatomical location of the tumor, the prognosis may vary.

Natural History

The majority of patients with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location.[1]

Complications

Ovarian Dermoid Cyst

Periorbital Dermoid Cyst

  • Common complications of periorbital dermoid cysts include:[1]
    • Inflammation
      • When a dermoid cyst is disrupted, it results in an inflammatory reaction.
    • Recurrence when not completely excised

Spinal Dermoid Cyst

  • Rupture is the most common complication of spinal dermoid cysts.[1]

Intracranial Dermoid Cyst

  • Common complications of intracranial dermoid cysts include:[3][4]
    • Mass effect
    • Rupture (spontaneous, traumatic, or iatrogenic (at resection))
      • Fat droplets from the ruptured cysts may disseminate into the subarachnoid space and ventricles which may result in the development of aseptic chemical meningitis

Dermoid Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth

  • Infection is the most common complication of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth.[5]

Prognosis

  • Depending on the anatomical location of the tumor, the prognosis may vary.
  • Although benign and slow growing, spinal, ovarian, and intracranial dermoid cysts carry a risk of rupture spontaneously, during surgery or after a traumatic event which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.[8]
  • In patients with malignant transformation, prognosis depends on the stage of the disease.[6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 11, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma Radiopedia. Accessed on February 11, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Intracranial dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jacquin A, Béjot Y, Hervieu M, Biotti D, Caillier M, Ricolfi FC; et al. (2010). “[Rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets]”. Rev Neurol (Paris). 166 (4): 451–7. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2009.09.003. PMID 19846186.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). “Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports”. Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Osborn AG, Preece MT (2006). “Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach”. Radiology. 239 (3): 650–64. doi:10.1148/radiol.2393050823. PMID 16714456.
  7. ↑ Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). “Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]”. Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  8. ↑ Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N (2006). “A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity”. Diagn Interv Radiol. 12 (4): 171–3. PMID 17160798.


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Diagnosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

References

References

See also

See also


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