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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Elastase in Blood Serum

Introduction

Overview

Overview

  • The presence of elastase in the blood serum is caused by serine proteinase hydrolyzing elastic occuring in the endothelial cells, macrophages, and granulocytes.
Reference Range
In Plasma 60-110 ng/ml
In Pleural Effusion 480-2900 ng/ml
Causes of decreased elastase in blood serum

Causes of decreased elastase in blood serum

  • Hyperglycemia[1]
  • Prednisolone[2]
Causes of increased elastase in blood serum[3][4]

Causes of increased elastase in blood serum[3][4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Carotid atherosclerotic plaque development, Coronary angioplasty, Ischemia-reperfusion Injury, Shock, Systolic hypertension
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute pancreatitis, Celiac disease, Esophagogastrectomy, Pancreatic cancer
Genetic Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Essential thrombocythemia, Polycythemia vera
Hematologic Essential thrombocythemia, Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic Cardiopulmonary bypass, Coronary angioplasty, Esophagogastrectomy, Extracorporeal detoxification, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Infectious Disease Endotoxemia, Sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Chronic joint disorders
Neurologic Migraine
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Shock lung in pre-eclampsia
Oncologic Pancreatic cancer
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Acute lung injury, Adult respiratory distress syndrome, Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Neutrophilic asthma, Obstructive emphysema
Renal/Electrolyte Hemodialysis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, Neutrophilic asthma
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Multiple trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Exercise, Oxidative stress

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Stegenga, ME.; van der Crabben, SN.; Blümer, RM.; Levi, M.; Meijers, JC.; Serlie, MJ.; Tanck, MW.; Sauerwein, HP.; van der Poll, T. (2008). “Hyperglycemia enhances coagulation and reduces neutrophil degranulation, whereas hyperinsulinemia inhibits fibrinolysis during human endotoxemia”. Blood. 112 (1): 82–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-11-121723. PMID 18316629. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ de Kruif, MD.; Lemaire, LC.; Giebelen, IA.; van Zoelen, MA.; Pater, JM.; van den Pangaart, PS.; Groot, AP.; de Vos, AF.; Elliott, PJ. (2007). “Prednisolone dose-dependently influences inflammation and coagulation during human endotoxemia”. J Immunol. 178 (3): 1845–51. PMID 17237435. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  4. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
  5. ↑ Donnelly, SC.; MacGregor, I.; Zamani, A.; Gordon, MW.; Robertson, CE.; Steedman, DJ.; Little, K.; Haslett, C. (1995). “Plasma elastase levels and the development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome”. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 151 (5): 1428–33. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735596. PMID 7735596. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Hughes, SF.; Cotter, MJ.; Evans, SA.; Jones, KP.; Adams, RA. (2006). “Role of leucocytes in damage to the vascular endothelium during ischaemia-reperfusion injury”. Br J Biomed Sci. 63 (4): 166–70. PMID 17201205.
  7. ↑ Baines, KJ.; Simpson, JL.; Wood, LG.; Scott, RJ.; Gibson, PG. (2011). “Systemic upregulation of neutrophil α-defensins and serine proteases in neutrophilic asthma”. Thorax. 66 (11): 942–7. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.157719. PMID 21785157. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hu, H.; Johansson, BL.; Hjemdahl, P.; Li, N. (2004). “Exercise-induced platelet and leucocyte activation is not enhanced in well-controlled Type 1 diabetes, despite increased activity at rest”. Diabetologia. 47 (5): 853–9. doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1378-7. PMID 15095037. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Li, N.; He, S.; Blombäck, M.; Hjemdahl, P. (2007). “Platelet activity, coagulation, and fibrinolysis during exercise in healthy males: effects of thrombin inhibition by argatroban and enoxaparin”. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27 (2): 407–13. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253906.19648.ac. PMID 17138937. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Carroccio, A.; Di Prima, L.; Scalici, C.; Soresi, M.; Cefalù, AB.; Noto, D.; Averna, MR.; Montalto, G.; Iacono, G. (2006). “Unexplained elevated serum pancreatic enzymes: a reason to suspect celiac disease”. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4 (4): 455–9. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.027. PMID 16616350. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Yasmin, CM.; McEniery, S.; Wallace, Z.; Dakham, P.; Pulsalkar, P.; Pusalkar, K.; Maki-Petaja, MJ.; Ashby, JR.; Cockcroft, IB. (2005). “Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-2, and serum elastase activity are associated with systolic hypertension and arterial stiffness”. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25 (2): 372. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000151373.33830.41. PMID 15556929. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ O’Brien, JM.; Abraham, E. (2004). “Human models of endotoxemia and recombinant human activated protein C.”. Crit Care Med. 32 (5 Suppl): S202–8. PMID 15118518. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ Pajkrt, D.; Camoglio, L.; Tiel-van Buul, MC.; de Bruin, K.; Cutler, DL.; Affrime, MB.; Rikken, G.; van der Poll, T.; ten Cate, JW. (1997). “Attenuation of proinflammatory response by recombinant human IL-10 in human endotoxemia: effect of timing of recombinant human IL-10 administration”. J Immunol. 158 (8): 3971–7. PMID 9103468. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Zureik, M.; Robert, L.; Courbon, D.; Touboul, PJ.; Bizbiz, L.; Ducimetière, P. (2002). “Serum elastase activity, serum elastase inhibitors, and occurrence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: the Etude sur le Vieillissement Artériel (EVA) study”. Circulation. 105 (22): 2638–45. PMID 12045170. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Clermont, G.; Lecour, S.; Cabanne, JF.; Motte, G.; Guilland, JC.; Chevet, D.; Rochette, L. (2001). “Vitamin E-coated dialyzer reduces oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients”. Free Radic Biol Med. 31 (2): 233–41. PMID 11440835. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Falanga, A.; Marchetti, M.; Evangelista, V.; Vignoli, A.; Licini, M.; Balicco, M.; Manarini, S.; Finazzi, G.; Cerletti, C. (2000). “Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation and hemostasis in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera”. Blood. 96 (13): 4261–6. PMID 11110700. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Kramer, L.; Gendo, A.; Madl, C.; Ferrara, I.; Funk, G.; Schenk, P.; Sunder-Plassmann, G.; Hörl, WH. (2000). “Biocompatibility of a cuprophane charcoal-based detoxification device in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy”. Am J Kidney Dis. 36 (6): 1193–200. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2000.19834. PMID 11096044. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Reid, PT.; Donnelly, SC.; MacGregor, IR.; Grant, IS.; Cameron, E.; Walker, W.; Merrick, MV.; Haslett, C. (2000). “Pulmonary endothelial permeability and circulating neutrophil-endothelial markers in patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy”. Crit Care Med. 28 (9): 3161–5. PMID 11008975. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Hill, AT.; Bayley, DL.; Campbell, EJ.; Hill, SL.; Stockley, RA. (2000). “Airways inflammation in chronic bronchitis: the effects of smoking and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency”. Eur Respir J. 15 (5): 886–90. PMID 10853853. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Tzourio, C.; El Amrani, M.; Robert, L.; Alpérovitch, A. (2000). “Serum elastase activity is elevated in migraine”. Ann Neurol. 47 (5): 648–51. PMID 10805337. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Falanga, A.; Marchetti, M.; Evangelista, V.; Manarini, S.; Oldani, E.; Giovanelli, S.; Galbusera, M.; Cerletti, C.; Barbui, T. (1999). “Neutrophil activation and hemostatic changes in healthy donors receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor”. Blood. 93 (8): 2506–14. PMID 10194429. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Haubitz, M.; Schulzeck, P.; Schellong, S.; Schulze, M.; Koch, KM.; Brunkhorst, R. (1997). “Complexed plasma elastase as an in vivo marker for leukocyte activation in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis”. Arthritis Rheum. 40 (9): 1680–4. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199709)40:9lt;1680::AID-ART18gt;3.0.CO;2-Q. PMID 9324023. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Costello, CM.; O’Connor, CM.; Finlay, GA.; Shiels, P.; FitzGerald, MX.; Hayes, JP. (1996). “Effect of nebulised recombinant DNase on neutrophil elastase load in cystic fibrosis”. Thorax. 51 (6): 619–23. PMID 8693445. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Hind, CR.; Griffin, JF.; Pack, S.; Latchman, YE.; Drake, HF.; Jones, HM.; Brostoff, J.; Dormandy, TL.; Treasures, T. (1988). “Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on circulating concentrations of leucocyte elastase and free radical activity”. Cardiovasc Res. 22 (1): 37–41. PMID 3048690. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  25. ↑ Tönz, M.; Mihaljevic, T.; von Segesser, LK.; Fehr, J.; Schmid, ER.; Turina, MI. (1995). “Acute lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. Are the neutrophils responsible?”. Chest. 108 (6): 1551–6. PMID 7497759. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ Rivkind, AI.; Siegel, JH.; Guadalupi, P.; Littleton, M. (1989). “Sequential patterns of eicosanoid, platelet, and neutrophil interactions in the evolution of the fulminant post-traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome”. Ann Surg. 210 (3): 355–72, discussion 372-3. PMID 2549891. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Donnelly, SC.; MacGregor, I.; Zamani, A.; Gordon, MW.; Robertson, CE.; Steedman, DJ.; Little, K.; Haslett, C. (1995). “Plasma elastase levels and the development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome”. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 151 (5): 1428–33. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735596. PMID 7735596. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ Rocker, GM.; Wiseman, MS.; Pearson, D.; Shale, DJ. (1989). “Diagnostic criteria for adult respiratory distress syndrome: time for reappraisal”. Lancet. 1 (8630): 120–3. PMID 2563047. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ Cheung, AK.; Faezi-Jenkin, B.; Leypoldt, JK. (1994). “Effect of thrombosis on complement activation and neutrophil degranulation during in vitro hemodialysis”. J Am Soc Nephrol. 5 (1): 110–5. PMID 7948777. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ Tatsuta, M.; Yamamura, H.; Noguchi, S.; Ichii, M.; Iishi, H.; Okuda, S. (1984). “Values of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and elastase 1 in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma”. Gut. 25 (12): 1347–51. PMID 6569013. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ Ito, T.; Kimura, T.; Nawata, H. (1991). “Serum elastase 1 appears specific for cancer of the pancreatic head”. Am J Gastroenterol. 86 (12): 1778–83. PMID 1962622. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ Satake, K.; Kanazawa, G.; Kho, I.; Chung, Y.; Umeyama, K. (1985). “Evaluation of serum pancreatic enzymes, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen in various pancreatic diseases”. Am J Gastroenterol. 80 (8): 630–6. PMID 2411125. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ Flamion, B.; Delhaye, M.; Horanyi, Z.; Delange, A.; Demanet, H.; Quenon, M.; Van Melsen, A.; Cremer, M.; Delcourt, A. (1987). “Comparison of elastase-1 with amylase, lipase, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis”. Am J Gastroenterol. 82 (6): 532–5. PMID 2437792. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  34. ↑ De Servi, S.; Mazzone, A.; Ricevuti, G.; Fioravanti, A.; Bramucci, E.; Angoli, L.; Stefano, G.; Specchia, G. (1990). “Granulocyte activation after coronary angioplasty in humans”. Circulation. 82 (1): 140–6. PMID 2163778. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  35. ↑ Turino, GM.; Seniorrm, BD.; Garg, S.; Keller, MM.; Levi, I.; Mandl, . (1969). “Serum elastase inhibitor deficiency and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with obstructive emphysema”. Science. 165 (3894): 709–11. PMID 5793975. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]