Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions â written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Fundus (eye)
Introduction
The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of the eye, opposite the lens, and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole.[1] The fundus can be viewed with an ophthalmoscope.[1] The term may also be inclusive of Bruch’s membrane and the choroid.
The eye’s fundus is the only part of the human body where the microcirculation can be observed directly.[2] The diameter of the blood vessels around the optic disc is about 150 Ξm, and an ophthalmoscope allows observation of blood vessels with diameters as small as 10 Ξm.[2]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Medical signs that can be detected from observation of eye fundus include haemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, blood vessel abnormalities (tortuosity, pulsation and new vessels) and pigmentation.[3]
Physical Examination
Eyes
![Normal Fundus[4]](https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/File%3ANormal_Fundus.jpg)
![Diabetic Fundus with hemorrhages[5]](https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/File%3ADiabeticFundus%28notehemorrages%29.jpg)
References
References
- â 1.0 1.1 Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.
- â 2.0 2.1 Ronald Pitts Crick, Peng Tee Khaw, “A Textbook of Clinical Ophthalmology: A Practical Guide to Disorders of the Eyes and Their Management”, 3rd edition, World Scientific, 2003, ISBN 981-238-128-7
- â Imran Akram, Adrian Rubinstein “Common retinal signs. An overview”, “Optometry Today”, 28/01/05, [1]
- â http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages/
- â http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages/