Developer site: The content shown here is test data.

MyEClinic
MyEClinic
Health Dictionary AI Health Chat Find an Online Doctor
A serene Zen garden with raked sand and smooth stones, symbolising clarity and calm

Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

Back to skin conditions

HIV coinfection with tuberculosis epidemiology and demographics

Introduction

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • About 1.1 million individuals were living with HIV infection at the end of 2006. As many as 21% of infected people are unaware of having the infection.
  • It is estimated that about 4.2% of Americans with or without HIV infection are infected with the TB bacteria. In 2009 there were approximately 13 million Americans with latent TB infection (LTBI).
  • In 2009, among persons with TB who had a documented HIV test result, more than 10% (690 of 6,743) were co-infected with HIV.
  • In 2006, the HIV status of 1 in 5 patients with TB was not known, even though CDC recommends that all persons with TB be tested for HIV.
  • In 2006, nearly 20% of patients with TB and HIV died. Persons with HIV and TB accounted for 32% of those who died during TB treatment and 51% of those who received a TB diagnosis after death.
  • In 2005, of the TB patients reported to be co-infected with HIV, 63% were non-Hispanic blacks.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that the risk of developing TB is approximately 16-27 times greater in HIV-infected individuals than in those without HIV infection.
  • In 2015, WHO reported approximately 10.4 million cases of TB disease worldwide. Out of them, 1.2 million [11%] were having HIV infection. About 60% of TB cases among people having HIV infection were not diagnosed or treated, leading to approximately 390,000 TB-related deaths among people living with HIV in 2015.
  • The relative risk of tuberculosis among people with HIV infection increases exponentially as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decline.
  • The risk is increased by a factor of more than 25 when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is less than 200 per microliter, as compared with a count of 1000 per microliter.
  • Southern Africa and East Africa were the worst affected; in South Africa, the incidence increased by a factor of more than 3 during the 1990s and early 2000s.
References

References

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]