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HLA-A31
Introduction
HLA-A31 (A31) is an HLA–A serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-A*31 gene products. A31 is a split antigen of the A19 broad antigen serotype group. It is similar to the antigens A29, 30, A32,A33, and A74. A31 is more common in Japan, Siberia and Indigenous Americans. It is also more frequent in NE Europe than SW Europe.
Serotype
Serotype
| A*31 | A31 | A19 | Sample |
| allele | % | % | size (N) |
| 3101 | 90 | 1 | 3517 |
| 3102 | 100 | 11 |
There is substantive cross reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.
A*31 alleles
A*31 alleles
A*310102
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| [2] | Toba Rosario (Argentina ) | 36.0 |
| [2] | Navajo, Canoncito (USA) | 26.8 |
| [2] | Chiriguanos (Argentina) | 26.4 |
| [2] | Nadar (Tamil Nadu, India) | 18.9 |
| [2] | Tarasco (Michoacan, Mexico) | 18.4 |
| [2] | Terena (indig. Brazil) | 18.3 |
| [2] | Lakota Sioux (USA) | 18.1 |
| [2] | Seri (Sonora, Mexico) | 15.2 |
| [2] | Hyogo (Japan) | 14.1 |
| [2] | Mestizos (Colombia) | 13.3 |
| [2] | Golla (Andhra Pradesh, India) | 13.1 |
| [2] | Teenek Huasteca Region (Mexico) | 12.1 |
| [2] | Ainu (Hokkaido, Japan) | 12.0 |
| [2] | Mayans (Guatemala) | 10.9 |
| [2] | Hyogo-Osaka-Nagano (Japan) | 10.3 |
| [2] | Lama (Lamas, Peru) | 10.2 |
| [2] | Tarahumara (Chihuahua, Mexico) | 10.2 |
| [2] | Tuva (Russia) | 9.8 |
| [2] | Japan(5) | 9.3 |
| [2] | Tibetian | 9.2 |
| [2] | Khalkha (Mongolia) | 8.5 |
| [2] | Naxi (Yunnan, China) | 8.3 |
| [2] | Mestizos (Guadalajara, Mexico) | 8.3 |
| [2] | Okinawa (Ryukyu, Japan) | 8.1 |
| [2] | Indig American (USA) | 7.8 |
| [2] | Japan Aichi | 7.6 |
| [2] | Pima (Indig American) | 7.6 |
| [2] | Buriat (Mongolia) | 7.5 |
| [2] | Central Japan | 7.1 |
| [2] | North Han (China) | 7.1 |
| [2] | Mixtec (Oaxaca, Mexico) | 6.9 |
| [2] | Zaptotec (Oaxaca, Mexico) | 6.7 |
| [2] | North Delhi (India ) | 6.0 |
| [2] | Pawra (Khandesh,India) | 6.0 |
| [2] | Yucpa (Perija Mtns, Venezuela) | 5.8 |
| [2] | South Korea (3) | 5.4 |
| [2] | Inner Mongolia (China) | 5.4 |
| [2] | Madang (PNG) | 5.1 |
| [2] | Finland | 5.0 |
| [2] | Nivkhi (Sakhalin, Russia) | 4.7 |
| [2] | South East France | 4.7 |
| [2] | Sindhi (Pakistan) | 4.4 |
| [2] | Marathas (Mumbai, India) | 4.3 |
| [2] | Belgium | 4.2 |
| [2] | Kalash (Pakistan) | 4.2 |
| [2] | central Portugal | 4.0 |
| [2] | Uppsala (Sweden) | 3.8 |
| [2] | Toto (Jalpaiguri,India) | 3.8 |
| [2] | China(Beijing) | 3.7 |
| [2] | Essen (W. German) | 3.6 |
| [2] | Lusaka Zambia | 3.5 |
| [2] | Girona (Catalonia Spain ) | 3.4 |
| [2] | Wales (Gr. Britain) | 3.0 |
| [2] | Croatia | 3.0 |
| [2] | Karimui (PNG) | 3.0 |
| [2] | New Delhi India | 3.0 |
| [2] | Basque (Gipuzkoa, Spain ) | 3.0 |
| [2] | Sudanese | 3.0 |
| [2] | Yuendumu (indig. Austr.) | 2.9 |
| [2] | Czech Republic | 2.8 |
| [2] | Thailand | 2.8 |
| [2] | China South Han | 2.8 |
| [2] | Northern Ireland | 2.6 |
| [2] | Oman | 2.5 |
| [2] | Kampala (Uganda) | 2.5 |
| [2] | Yunnan Nu (China) | 2.5 |
| [2] | Mestizos (Mexico) | 2.4 |
| [2] | New Caledonia | 2.4 |
| [2] | Romanian | 2.3 |
| [2] | Burusho (Pakistan ) | 2.2 |
| [2] | Baloch (Iran) | 2.2 |
| [2] | Berbers (Morocco) | 2.1 |
| [2] | Wanigela (PNG) | 2.1 |
| [2] | Siraya (Indig. Taiwan) | 2.0 |
| [2] | W. Coast Parsis (India) | 2.0 |
| [2] | North Hindus (India ) | 1.9 |
| [2] | Svans (Georgia) | 1.9 |
| [2] | Bulgaria | 1.8 |
| [2] | Kurds (Georgia) | 1.7 |
| [2] | Amman Jordan | 1.7 |
| [2] | Pathan (Pakistan) | 1.5 |
| [2] | Tunisia | 1.5 |
| [2] | Northeast Thailand | 1.4 |
| [2] | Yup’ik (Inuit Alaska) | 1.2 |
| [2] | Yaounde (Cameroon ) | 1.1 |
| [2] | Saomi (Murmansk Russia) | 1.0 |
| [2] | Tibilisi Georgia | 1.0 |
| [2] | Eastern Andalusia (Spain ) | 1.0 |
| [2] | Baloch (Pakistan) | 0.8 |
| [2] | Groote Eylandt (Indig. Austr.) | 0.7 |
| [2] | Druse (Arab, Isreal) | 0.5 |
| [2] | Kenya | 0.3 |
A31-B Haplotypes
A31-B Haplotypes
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| A31-B35 (A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501) | ||
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 4.1 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 3.7 | |
| Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5[3] | |
| Tibetian | 1.1 | |
| Jews (England) | 1.3 | |
| Tibetian | 1.1 | |
| Italian | 0.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.5 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| A31-B39 (A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901) | ||
| Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0 | |
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 1.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| German | 0.1 | |
| A31-B48 (A*310102:B*4801) | ||
| Orochon (Russia) | 6.0 | |
| Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5 | |
| Buriat | 3.4 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| A31-B51 (A*310102:B*5101) | ||
| Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 5.8 | |
| Orochon (Russia) | 5.3 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 4.3 | |
| Tibetian | 3.3 | |
| Inner Mongolian | 3.0 | |
| Japanese | 3.0 | |
| Portuguese | 1.6 | |
| Korean | 1.2 | |
| Italian | 0.9 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
| (A*310102:B*5102) | ||
| Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7 | |
| Vietnamese | 1.0 | |
| A31-B60 (A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001) | ||
| Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3 | |
| Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0 | |
| Irish | 0.7 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.7 | |
| Japan | 0.6 | |
| Dutch | 0.6 | |
| German | 0.4 | |
| A31-B62 (A*310102:B*1501) | ||
| Nivkhi(Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5 | |
| Yakut(Russia) | 5.5 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 4.1 | |
| Manchu | 1.1 | |
| Japan | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.2 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
Examination of A31 haplotypes reveal a probably connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more ‘tale-tell’ haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the middle east (A31-B51 and A31-B35).
References
References
- ↑ derived from IMGT/HLA
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.76 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.85 2.86 2.87 2.88 2.89 2.90 2.91 Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). “New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net“. Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 403–7. PMID 12753660. External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ B*3512