Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Hypertensive nephropathy risk factors
Introduction
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
- High systolic blood pressure is a very strong risk factor for the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
- African Americans are more likely to develop hypertensive nephropathy. Firstly, a number of causes had been suggested:
- Higher prevalence and severity of hypertension
- Lower socioeconomic status
- Poor healthcare accessibility.
- However, Ethnic differences related to hypertensive nephropathy remained after adjusting age, sex, and prevalence of hypertension among ethnic groups, suggesting the presence of genetic predisposition in this population.[1]
- Genetic susceptibility
- Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9), which regulates the function of podocyte cytoskeleton, is associated with hypertensive ESRD in African Americans.[2]
- Solidified glomerulosclerosis secondary to hypertension in African American is associated with apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1)[3]
- Chromogranin A gene variants, which block secretion of catecholamine, is also contributed to hypertensive ESRD in African Americans.[4]
- The Framingham heart study showed that a combination of hypertension with a mild reduction in glomerular filtration rate increases the risk of developing chronic renal failure.
- Diabetes, smoking, obesity and high levels of low density lipoproteins also accelerates the progression of renal damage secondary to hypertension.
References
References
- ↑ Murea, Mariana; Freedman, Barry I (2010). “Essential hypertension and risk of nephropathy: a reappraisal”. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 19 (3): 235–241. doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283366344. ISSN 1062-4821.
- ↑ Kopp, Jeffrey B; Smith, Michael W; Nelson, George W; Johnson, Randall C; Freedman, Barry I; Bowden, Donald W; Oleksyk, Taras; McKenzie, Louise M; Kajiyama, Hiroshi; Ahuja, Tejinder S; Berns, Jeffrey S; Briggs, William; Cho, Monique E; Dart, Richard A; Kimmel, Paul L; Korbet, Stephen M; Michel, Donna M; Mokrzycki, Michele H; Schelling, Jeffrey R; Simon, Eric; Trachtman, Howard; Vlahov, David; Winkler, Cheryl A (2008). “MYH9 is a major-effect risk gene for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis”. Nature Genetics. 40 (10): 1175–1184. doi:10.1038/ng.226. ISSN 1061-4036.
- ↑ Robinson, Todd W.; Freedman, Barry I. (2019). “The Impact of APOL1 on Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension”. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 26 (2): 131–136. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2019.01.003. ISSN 1548-5595.
- ↑ Salem, Rany M.; Cadman, Peter E.; Chen, Yuqing; Rao, Fangwen; Wen, Gen; Hamilton, Bruce A.; Rana, Brinda K.; Smith, Douglas W.; Stridsberg, Mats; Ward, Harry J.; Mahata, Manjula; Mahata, Sushil K.; Bowden, Donald W.; Hicks, Pamela J.; Freedman, Barry I.; Schork, Nicholas J.; O’Connor, Daniel T. (2008). “Chromogranin A Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease”. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 19 (3): 600–614. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007070754. ISSN 1046-6673.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [3]