Hypoparathyroidism historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

In 1909, William George MacCallum and Carl Voegtlin, demonstrated association between parathyroid gland, calcium, and tetany. In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone. In 1925, James Bertram Collip along with Douglous B Leitch treated tetany with the help of parathyroid extract. In 2015, use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1-84 (rhPTH 1-84) for the management of hypoparathyroidism was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Historical Perspective

Discovery

In 1852, Sir Richard Owen, Hunterian Professor and Conservator of the Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, described parathyroids in rhinoceros.^[1]
In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described parathyroids in human following 50 autopsies. He found two parathyroid glands bilaterally in 43 out of 50 autopsies.^[2]
In 1909, William George MacCallum and Carl Voegtlin, demonstrated association between parathyroid gland, calcium, and tetany.^[3]
In 1942, Albright et. al. first described the term pseudohypoparathyroidism. It is an example of Seabright-Bantam syndrome. In pseudohypoparathyroidism hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia is resistant to parathyroid hormone administration.^[4]
In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone.^[5] They also isolated the active polypeptide (parathormone B) from bovine parathyroid gland and gave its tentative formula in 1961.^[6]

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

In 1925, James Bertram Collip along with Douglous B Leitch treated tetany with the help of parathyroid extract. They names the extract as parathyrin.^[7]
In 1996, Winer and collegues demonstrated a reduction in urinary calcium excretion in patients of hypoparathyroidism when treated with PTH 1-34 (teriparatide) when compared with treatment with calcitriol and calcium.^[8]
In 2015, use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1-84 (rhPTH 1-84) for the management of hypoparathyroidism was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).^[9]

References

↑ Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H (2004). “The glands of Owen”. J R Soc Med. 97 (10): 494–5. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494. PMC 1079622. PMID 15459265.
↑ Johansson H (2015). “The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland”. Ups. J. Med. Sci. 120 (2): 72–7. doi:10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426. PMC 4463479. PMID 25913489.
↑ Maccallum WG, Voegtlin C (1909). “ON THE RELATION OF TETANY TO THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND TO CALCIUM METABOLISM”. J. Exp. Med. 11 (1): 118–51. PMC 2124703. PMID 19867238.
↑ Albright F, Burnett CH, Smith PH, Parson (1942). “Pseudohypoparathyroidism- An example of ‘Seabright-Bantam syndrome‘“. Endocrinology. 30: 922–32.
↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1959). “PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION”. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (18): 5003–5003. doi:10.1021/ja01527a066. ISSN 0002-7863.
↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1961). “Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands”. {Journal of Biological Chemistry. 236 (4): 1083–1086.
↑ Collip JB, Leitch DB (1925). “A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin”. Can Med Assoc J. 15 (1): 59–60. PMC 1707993. PMID 20315252.
↑ Winer KK, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB (1996). “Synthetic human parathyroid hormone 1-34 vs calcitriol and calcium in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism”. JAMA. 276 (8): 631–6. PMID 8773636.
↑ Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Cusano NE, Mannstadt M, Rejnmark L, Rizzoli R, Rubin MR, Winer KK, Liberman UA, Potts JT (2016). “Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Present and Future” (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101 (6): 2313–24. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3910. PMC 5393596. PMID 26938200.

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[pmid15459265-1] Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H (2004). “The glands of Owen”. J R Soc Med. 97 (10): 494–5. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494. PMC 1079622. PMID 15459265.

[pmid25913489-2] Johansson H (2015). “The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland”. Ups. J. Med. Sci. 120 (2): 72–7. doi:10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426. PMC 4463479. PMID 25913489.

[pmid19867238-3] Maccallum WG, Voegtlin C (1909). “ON THE RELATION OF TETANY TO THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND TO CALCIUM METABOLISM”. J. Exp. Med. 11 (1): 118–51. PMC 2124703. PMID 19867238.

[4] Albright F, Burnett CH, Smith PH, Parson (1942). “Pseudohypoparathyroidism- An example of ‘Seabright-Bantam syndrome‘“. Endocrinology. 30: 922–32.

[RasmussenCraig1959-5] Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1959). “PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION”. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (18): 5003–5003. doi:10.1021/ja01527a066. ISSN 0002-7863.

[6] Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1961). “Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands”. {Journal of Biological Chemistry. 236 (4): 1083–1086.

[pmid20315252-7] Collip JB, Leitch DB (1925). “A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin”. Can Med Assoc J. 15 (1): 59–60. PMC 1707993. PMID 20315252.

[pmid8773636-8] Winer KK, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB (1996). “Synthetic human parathyroid hormone 1-34 vs calcitriol and calcium in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism”. JAMA. 276 (8): 631–6. PMID 8773636.

[pmid26938200-9] Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Cusano NE, Mannstadt M, Rejnmark L, Rizzoli R, Rubin MR, Winer KK, Liberman UA, Potts JT (2016). “Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Present and Future” (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101 (6): 2313–24. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3910. PMC 5393596. PMID 26938200.

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