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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Large-sized vessel vasculitis with claudication

Introduction

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Headache Fever Weight loss Arthralgia Claudication Bruit HTN Focal neurological disorder Biomarker CBC ESR Other CT scan Angiography Ultrasound/ Echocardiography Other
Large-Vessel Vasculitis Takayasu arteritis[1] + +/- + – + + +/- +/- MMP-3 and MMP-9 Leukocytosis, Anemia ↑ ↑CRP Aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta Blood vessel stenosis Circumferential thickening of the arterial wall (Macaroni sign) PET-scan, Cardiac CT Granulomatous inflammation of arteries Arteriography Coronary aneurysm
Neurological disease Neurofibromatosis type 2[2] +/- – +/- – +/- – – + NF2 mutated gene Normal Normal Schwannomin Meningioma, Schwannoma, Ependymoma Fluorescein angiography showed retinal hamartoma Localized schwannomas in nerve ultrasound Schwannoma in MRI Encapsulated biphasic nerve sheath tumor NIH diagnostic criteria Hearing loss, Vision loss
Systemic disease Fibromuscular dysplasia[3] + – +/- + + + + +/- Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) Normal ↑ ↑ Cr or BUN Alternating stenosis and dilatations in CT angiography Stenosis in the renal arteries Luminal narrowing alternating with dilatation (Beads sign) Focal concentric, long-segment tubular stenosis or outpouching in MRA Fibrodysplastic changes, Collagen deposition Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)  Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome[4] – – – + +/- +/- – +/- TGF-β Normal Normal Cultured skin fibroblasts Multiple vascular segments with aneurysms and dissections Dissection of the posterolateral branch of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) Visceral arteries abnormality Vascular abnormalities in MRA Thin and rare collagen bundles in the dermis History and physical examination Bleeding, Bruisability, Heart murmur
Amyloidosis[5] +/- – – +/- +/- – + + Immunoglobulin light chain(Amyloid) Anemia Normal ↑ Cr or BUN,

↑ ALT or AST

Diffusely hypoattenuating and enlarged liver Amyloid deposition in the media and adventitia of small arteries  Solid organs increased echogenicity Tc-DPD for cardiac amyloid deposits Extracellular deposition of fibrillar proteins Biopsy Cardiomegaly, Dyspnea

References

  1. ↑ Vaideeswar P, Deshpande JR (2013). “Pathology of Takayasu arteritis: A brief review”. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 6 (1): 52–8. doi:10.4103/0974-2069.107235. PMC 3634248. PMID 23626437.
  2. ↑ Evans, D G. R (2000). “Neurofibromatosis type 2”. Journal of Medical Genetics. 37 (12): 897–904. doi:10.1136/jmg.37.12.897. ISSN 1468-6244.
  3. ↑ Plouin PF, Perdu J, La Batide-Alanore A, Boutouyrie P, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Jeunemaitre X (2007). “Fibromuscular dysplasia”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2: 28. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-28. PMC 1899482. PMID 17555581.
  4. ↑ Gazit Y, Jacob G, Grahame R (2016). “Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobility Type: A Much Neglected Multisystemic Disorder”. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 7 (4). doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10261. PMC 5101008. PMID 27824552.
  5. ↑ Baker KR, Rice L (2012). “The amyloidoses: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment”. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 8 (3): 3–7. PMC 3487569. PMID 23227278.

Editor-In-Chief:
C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]