Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [4]
Overview
Overview
Low LDL levels can be caused by unusual inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism such as abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Causes
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Low LDL does not have any life-threatening cause.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
No underlying causes
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
Dyskeratosis congenita, lipomatosis of Madelung
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Clofibrate, colesevelam hydrochlorie, colestyramine, doxazosin, nicotinic acid, NSAID, prazosin, probucol, statins
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
Ketogenic diet, malnutrition
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Celiac disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, Crohn’s disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal lymphangiectasia, liver failure, portosystemic shunts, protein losing enteropathy, short bowel syndrome
|
| Genetic
|
Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, cystic fibrosis, deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9, dyskeratosis congenita, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
|
| Hematologic
|
Acute myeloid leukemia
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Portosystemic shunts, short bowel syndrome
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Giardiasis
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
Acute myeloid leukemia, malignancy
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
No underlying causes
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
Acute phase proteins, amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory cytokines, high serum amyloid A, Sjögren’s syndrome
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
No underlying causes
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
References
- ↑ Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). “A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia”. J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558.
- ↑ Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). “Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population”. Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738.
- ↑ Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O (2013). “Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever”. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 13 (1): 21–6. PMID 23448606.
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