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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions β€” written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Mycobacterium abscessus risk factors

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Skin, soft tissue, and bone infection with Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) has been associated with penetrating injuries, open wounds, intramuscular injections, and inappropriate disinfection of medical devices. Some of the risk factors for respiratory M. abscessus infection are chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and previous untreated mycobacterial infection.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection

  • Open wounds
  • Penetrating injury
  • Surgical tourism[1]
  • Laparoscopic surgery[1]
  • Cosmetic surgery[2]
  • Intramuscular injections[3][4][5][6]
    • Inappropriate skin disinfection
    • Inappropriate sterilization of the equipment[7]
    • Contaminated solutions
  • Contaminated municipal or water supply[8][9]
  • Acupuncture (contaminated solution used to clean the physical therapy device)[10]
  • Dialysis[11][12]
  • Bronchoscopy[8]
    • Inadequate desinfection of the bronchoscope
    • Contaminated local anesthesia solution
    • Contaminated tap water
    • Contaminated antimicrobial solution
  • Wading and public pool exposure (hand-and-foot disease)[13][14]

Bronchopulmonary Infection

Disseminated Infection

  • Non AIDS-related immune suppression[19][20]
References

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Viana-Niero C, Lima KV, Lopes ML, Rabello MC, Marsola LR, Brilhante VC; et al. (2008). “Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii in isolates collected from outbreaks of infections after laparoscopic surgeries and cosmetic procedures”. J Clin Microbiol. 46 (3): 850–5. doi:10.1128/JCM.02052-07. PMCΒ 2268380. PMIDΒ 18174307.
  2. ↑ Safranek TJ, Jarvis WR, Carson LA, Cusick LB, Bland LA, Swenson JM; et al. (1987). “Mycobacterium chelonae wound infections after plastic surgery employing contaminated gentian violet skin-marking solution”. N Engl J Med. 317 (4): 197–201. doi:10.1056/NEJM198707233170403. PMIDΒ 3600710.
  3. ↑ Kim HY, Yun YJ, Park CG, Lee DH, Cho YK, Park BJ; et al. (2007). “Outbreak of Mycobacterium massiliense infection associated with intramuscular injections”. J Clin Microbiol. 45 (9): 3127–30. doi:10.1128/JCM.00608-07. PMCΒ 2045247. PMIDΒ 17626174.
  4. ↑ Borghans JG, Stanford JL (1973). “Mycobacterium chelonei in abscesses after injection of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio vaccine”. Am Rev Respir Dis. 107 (1): 1–8. PMIDΒ 4683319.
  5. ↑ Inman PM, Beck A, Brown AE, Stanford JL (1969). “Outbreak of injection abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus”. Arch Dermatol. 100 (2): 141–7. PMIDΒ 5797954.
  6. ↑ Villanueva A, Calderon RV, Vargas BA, Ruiz F, Aguero S, Zhang Y; et al. (1997). “Report on an outbreak of postinjection abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus, including management with surgery and clarithromycin therapy and comparison of strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction”. Clin Infect Dis. 24 (6): 1147–53. PMIDΒ 9195073.
  7. ↑ Wenger JD, Spika JS, Smithwick RW, Pryor V, Dodson DW, Carden GA; et al. (1990). “Outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae infection associated with use of jet injectors”. JAMA. 264 (3): 373–6. PMIDΒ 2362334.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Wallace RJ, Brown BA, Griffith DE (1998). “Nosocomial outbreaks/pseudo-outbreaks caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria”. Annu Rev Microbiol. 52: 453–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.453. PMIDΒ 9891805.
  9. ↑ Thomson R, Tolson C, Sidjabat H, Huygens F, Hargreaves M (2013). “Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from municipal water – a potential source of human infection”. BMC Infect Dis. 13: 241. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-241. PMCΒ 3668184. PMIDΒ 23705674.
  10. ↑ Koh SJ, Song T, Kang YA, Choi JW, Chang KJ, Chu CS; et al. (2010). “An outbreak of skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus following acupuncture”. Clin Microbiol Infect. 16 (7): 895–901. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03026.x. PMIDΒ 19694761.
  11. ↑ Bolan G, Reingold AL, Carson LA, Silcox VA, Woodley CL, Hayes PS; et al. (1985). “Infections with Mycobacterium chelonei in patients receiving dialysis and using processed hemodialyzers”. J Infect Dis. 152 (5): 1013–9. PMIDΒ 4045242.
  12. ↑ Lowry PW, Beck-Sague CM, Bland LA, Aguero SM, Arduino MJ, Minuth AN; et al. (1990). “Mycobacterium chelonae infection among patients receiving high-flux dialysis in a hemodialysis clinic in California”. J Infect Dis. 161 (1): 85–90. PMIDΒ 2295862.
  13. ↑ Dytoc MT, Honish L, Shandro C, Ting PT, Chui L, Fiorillo L; et al. (2005). “Clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological findings of an outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus hand-and-foot disease”. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 53 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.03.010. PMIDΒ 16054324.
  14. ↑ Sinagra JL, Kanitz EE, Cerocchi C, Cota C, Fantetti O, Prignano G; et al. (2014). “Mycobacterium abscessus hand-and-foot disease in children: rare or emerging disease?”. Pediatr Dermatol. 31 (3): 292–7. doi:10.1111/pde.12333. PMIDΒ 24758202.
  15. ↑ Sermet-Gaudelus I, Le Bourgeois M, Pierre-Audigier C, Offredo C, Guillemot D, Halley S; et al. (2003). “Mycobacterium abscessus and children with cystic fibrosis”. Emerg Infect Dis. 9 (12): 1587–91. doi:10.3201/eid0912.020774. PMCΒ 3034322. PMIDΒ 14720400.
  16. ↑ Radhakrishnan DK, Yau Y, Corey M, Richardson S, Chedore P, Jamieson F; et al. (2009). “Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children with cystic fibrosis: isolation, prevalence, and predictors”. Pediatr Pulmonol. 44 (11): 1100–6. doi:10.1002/ppul.21106. PMIDΒ 19830845.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F; et al. (2007). “An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases”. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. PMIDΒ 17277290.
  18. ↑ Benwill J, Babineaux M, Sarria JC (2010). “Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus in an AIDS patient”. Am J Med Sci. 339 (5): 495–6. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181d96ad7. PMIDΒ 20375687.
  19. ↑ BabalΔ±k A, Kuyucu T, Ordu EN, Ernam D, Partal M, KΓΆksalan K (2012). “Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection: 75 cases”. Tuberk Toraks. 60 (1): 20–31. PMIDΒ 22554363.
  20. ↑ Lambertucci JR, Borges AH, Voieta I (2011). “Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection in an AIDS patient”. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 44 (2): 265. PMIDΒ 21552751.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]