Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Non-Polio enterovirus infections historical perspective
Introduction
Overview
Overview
The first documented outbreak of Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to ED-70 occurred in Ghana in 1969.EV D68, considered to be a pathogen exclusive to the respiratory tract for a long time, was first isolated in 1962 from four children in California suffering from pneumonia and bronchiolitis.CV-A24v was first isolated in 1970 in Singapore.
Historical Perspective
Historical Perspective
- The first documented outbreak of Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to ED-70 occurred in Ghana in 1969[1]. From 1970 and 1971, till the mid-1990s, the virus spread globally to produce the first AHC pandemic[2].
- Over the past decade, EV 71 has been implicated in many outbreaks of acute flaccid paralysis AFP in the Asia-Pacific region[3].
- In a systematic review evaluating surveillance data, case reports and case series of AFP, EV 71, echovirus 11 and echovirus 6 were reported more through surveillance while EV 71 and EV 68 were the predominant serotypes in case reports and case series[4].
- EV D68, considered to be a pathogen exclusive to the respiratory tract for a long time, was first isolated in 1962 from four children in California suffering from pneumonia and bronchiolitis[5]. Only sporadic cases were reported till the late 2000s with 26 between 1970 and 2005[6]. It caused the largest outbreak in 2014 in the USA, the first cases reported in August from Missouri and Illinois. Almost all the cases were children with a predominant history of asthma or wheezing[7].
- CV-A24v was first isolated in 1970 in Singapore[8] and remained restricted to South-East Asia and India until 1985, when it started causing widespread outbreaks.
References
References
- ↑ Chatterjee S, Quarcoopome CO, Apenteng A (1970). “Unusual type of epidemic conjunctivitis in Ghana”. Br J Ophthalmol. 54 (9): 628–30. doi:10.1136/bjo.54.9.628. PMC 1207974. PMID 5458256.
- ↑ Mirkovic RR, Kono R, Yin-Murphy M, Sohier R, Schmidt NJ, Melnick JL (1973). “Enterovirus type 70: the etiologic agent of pandemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis”. Bull World Health Organ. 49 (4): 341–6. PMC 2480954. PMID 4368683.
- ↑ Ooi MH, Wong SC, Lewthwaite P, Cardosa MJ, Solomon T (2010). “Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71”. Lancet Neurol. 9 (11): 1097–105. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X. PMID 20965438.
- ↑ Suresh S, Forgie S, Robinson J (2018). “Non-polio Enterovirus detection with acute flaccid paralysis: A systematic review”. J Med Virol. 90 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1002/jmv.24933. PMID 28857219.
- ↑ Schieble JH, Fox VL, Lennette EH (1967). “A probable new human picornavirus associated with respiratory diseases”. Am J Epidemiol. 85 (2): 297–310. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120693. PMID 4960233.
- ↑ Khetsuriani N, Lamonte-Fowlkes A, Oberst S, Pallansch MA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). “Enterovirus surveillance–United States, 1970-2005”. MMWR Surveill Summ. 55 (8): 1–20. PMID 16971890.
- ↑ Midgley CM, Jackson MA, Selvarangan R, Turabelidze G, Obringer E, Johnson D; et al. (2014). “Severe respiratory illness associated with enterovirus D68 – Missouri and Illinois, 2014”. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 63 (36): 798–9. PMC 4584696. PMID 25211545.
- ↑ Mirkovic RR, Schmidt NJ, Yin-Murphy M, Melnick JL (1974). “Enterovirus etiology of the 1970 Singapore epidemic of acute conjunctivitis”. Intervirology. 4 (2): 119–27. doi:10.1159/000149850. PMID 4217326.