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Odynophagia laboratory findings

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]

Overview:

Overview:

Patient with odynophagia will need blood chemistry and cytology according to the supporting history and examination to rule out causes of pain in swallowing.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory Findings

Following are relevant laboratory investigations to approach a case of odynophagia:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Base Lines:
Specific tests ;
Cardiovascular  Mediastinitis Fluid tap and C & S
Chemical / poisoning Botulism, Chemical burns Toxicology and Botulism ELISA
Dermatologic Scleroderma Antitopoisomerase-1 or Anti-Scl-70 antibodies
Drug Side Effect ibandronate, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ANA profile and drug levels
Ear Nose Throat Cricopharyngeal spasm, Epiglottitis, Glossitis, Goiter, Laryngitis,  Oral ulcers Stomatitis,  Herpangina, Retropharyngeal abscess Xerostomia Blood culture, viral assay, throat culture, TSH
Endocrine Diabetic neuropathy, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Riedel thyroiditis HBA1C, TSH, Blood cultures
Gastroenterologic Esophagitis, Gastritis, Intramural pseudodiverticulosis, Schatzki ring, Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome, Crohn’s disease, Eosinophilic esophagitis Electrolytes, ANA profile, stool H.pylori test
Genetic Opitz-Frias syndrome Genetic testing PCR
Hematologic Agranulocytosis, Lymphadenopathy Vitamin B12, RBC folate, Bone marrow microscopy
Infectious Disease Abscesses, Acute pharyngitis, Adenoiditis, Candidiasis, Chagas Disease, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria, Esophageal moniliasis, Flu, Herpangina, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 

Herpes stomatitis, HIV/AIDS, Mononucleosis, Mumps, Oral candidiasis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Pharyngitis, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, Reflux esophagitis, Respiratory tract infections,

 Retropharyngeal abscess, Scarlet Fever, Tetanus, Tonsillar abscess, Typhoid fever

Viral markers, Blood C & S,

Throat and sputum DR & CS, fungal markers

Musculoskeletal / Ortho Schatzki ring, Dermatomyositis, Myasthenia Gravis anti–acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (Ab)

Bone marrow microscopy, CK, Aldolase,

Mi-2 (nuclear helicase protein) Antibody

Neurologic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Bulbar palsy, Central hypoglossal nerve paralysis, 

Central vagal nucleus lesion, Cerebrovascular accident, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Huntington’s chorea, 

Multiple Sclerosis, Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome, Neuroferritinopathy, Peripheral neuropathy, Polyradiculitis, Diabetic neuropathy, Poliomyelitis

anti-ganglioside antibodies, anti GM1 antibodies and Anti-GQ1b,Stool culture for campylobacter jejuni, trinucleotide repeat sequence “CAG”, EMG, ANA
Nutritional / Metabolic Gaucher’s disease, Plummer-Vinson Syndrome Genetic testing, vitamin B12, RBC, folate, Bone marrow microscopy
Oncologic  Paraneoplastic syndrome Hormone levels of calcium, vitamin D, Histamine, IL-1
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergic swelling, Amyloidosis, Behcet’s Syndrome, CREST syndrome , Crohn’s disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic esophagitis, 

Esophageal sarcoidosis, Graft versus host reaction, Inclusion body myositis, Myasthenia Gravis, Parkinson’s Disease, Riedel thyroiditis,

 Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis, Xerostomia

ANA profile, Rheumatoid factor, Bone marrow biopsy, calcium level, vitamin D level, RNA polymerase types II and III ,RNP, Scl-70 , SS-A , SS-B
Sexual Oral sex Oral swab culture
Miscellaneous Alcoholism, Aspiration of foreign body blood culture, blood alcohol levels
References

References

  1. ↑ Jalisi S, Jamal BT, Grillone GA (2017). “Surgical Management of Long-standing Eagle’s Syndrome”. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 7 (2): 232–236. doi:10.4103/ams.ams_53_17. PMC 5717900. PMID 29264291.
  2. ↑ Jalisi S, Sakai O, Jamal BT, Mardirossian V (2017). “Features of Prevertebral Disease in Patients Presenting to a Head and Neck Surgery Clinic with Neck Pain”. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 7 (2): 228–231. doi:10.4103/ams.ams_54_17. PMC 5717899. PMID 29264290.
  3. ↑ Marques S, Carmo J, Pinto D, Bispo M, Ramos S, Chagas C (2017). “Cytomegalovirus Disease of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A 10-Year Retrospective Study”. GE Port J Gastroenterol. 24 (6): 262–268. doi:10.1159/000479232. PMC 5731150. PMID 29255766.
  4. ↑ Rama-López J, Tomás-Fernandez M, García-Garza C, Martínez-Madrigal M (2018). “Pharyngeal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery treated by transoral endoscopic surgery”. Head Neck. 40 (2): E13–E16. doi:10.1002/hed.25030. PMID 29206327.
  5. ↑ Kato MG, Isaac MJ, Gillespie MB, O’Rourke AK (2018). “The Incidence and Characterization of Globus Sensation, Dysphagia, and Odynophagia Following Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea”. J Clin Sleep Med. 14 (1): 127–132. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6898. PMC 5734881. PMID 29198289.
  6. ↑ Teixeira C, Alves AL, Cremers I (2018). “Esophageal lichen planus: a rare case”. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 110 (1): 67–68. doi:10.17235/reed.2017.5332/2017. PMID 29168645.
  7. ↑ Chen L, Lai Y, Dong L, Kang S, Chen X (2017). “Polysaccharides from Citrus grandis L. Osbeck suppress inflammation and relieve chronic pharyngitis”. Microb Pathog. 113: 365–371. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.018. PMID 29146495.
  8. ↑ Kim YJ, Park JY, Choi KY, Moon BJ, Lee JK (2017). “Case reports about an overlooked cause of neck pain: calcific tendinitis of the longus colli: Case reports”. Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (46): e8343. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008343. PMC 5704790. PMID 29145245.
  9. ↑ Alamoudi U, Al-Sayed AA, AlSallumi Y, Rigby MH, Taylor SM, Hart RD; et al. (2017). “Acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle masquerading as a retropharyngeal abscess: A case report and review of the literature”. Int J Surg Case Rep. 41: 343–346. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.10.063. PMC 5686463. PMID 29145108.
  10. ↑ Sopeña B, Limeres J, García-Caballero L, Diniz-Freitas M, Seoane J, Diz P (2018). “A Dramatic Case of Odynophagia”. Dysphagia. 33 (1): 133–135. doi:10.1007/s00455-017-9861-8. PMID 29128948.
  11. ↑ Fukuda S, Watanabe N, Domen T, Ishioka M, Sawaguchi M, Ohba R; et al. (2018). “A case of esophageal actinomycosis with a unique morphology presenting as a refractory ulcer”. Clin J Gastroenterol. 11 (1): 38–41. doi:10.1007/s12328-017-0797-1. PMID 29124648.
  12. ↑ Chi TH, Hung CC, Chen RF, Yuan CH, Chen JC (2017). “Spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema: A case report”. Niger J Clin Pract. 20 (9): 1213–1215. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_3_16. PMID 29072250.
  13. ↑ Jovov B, Reed CC, Shaheen NJ, Pruitt A, Ferrell K, Orlando GS; et al. (2017). “Fragments of e-Cadherin as Biomarkers of Non-erosive Reflux Disease”. Dig Dis Sci. doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4815-4. PMID 29071486.
  14. ↑ Althuwaini S, Bamehriz F, Aldohayan A, Alshammari W, Alhaidar S, Alotaibi M; et al. (2017). “Prevalence and Predictors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy”. Obes Surg. doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2971-4. PMID 29043549.

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