Ovarian germ cell tumor history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]

Overview

The clinical manifestations of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.

History and Symptoms

The clinical manifestations of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.^[1]

Mature teratoma

Approximately 20 % of patients with mature ovarian teratoma are asymptomatic.^[2]
The most common symptom in those who are symptomatic is lower abdominal pain.
- Acute abdominal pain may indicate the tumor is complicated by ovarian torsion or rupture that may happen in 5%-10% and 1%-3% of affected individuals, respectively.
  - Torsion usually tends to complicate at a greater extent the intermediate-sized tumors rather than the larger or smaller ones.
Very rarely, mature teratoma can manifest with neurologic symptoms due to associated Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Symptoms such as:^[3]
- Memory problems
- Psychiatric problems
- Decreased level of consciousness
- Seizure
- Dyskinesia

Dysgerminoma

The majority of patients with dysgerminoma are symptomatic. symptoms include:^[4]

Yolk sac tumor

The symptoms include abdominal pain/distention or pelvic mass.^[5]
The symptoms tend to occur in a short period of time since the tumor has a rapid rate of growth.
Amenorrhea is a very rare symptom and is not expected.^[6]

Embryonal carcinoma

These tumors usually present with abdominal/pelvic mass.^[7]

References

↑ Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). “Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours”. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.
↑ Ayhan, Ali; Bukulmez, Orhan; Genc, Cuneyt; Karamursel, Burcu S.; Ayhan, Ayse (2000). “Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years”. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 88 (2): 153–157. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00141-4. ISSN 0301-2115.
↑ Dalmau, Josep; Gleichman, Amy J; Hughes, Ethan G; Rossi, Jeffrey E; Peng, Xiaoyu; Lai, Meizan; Dessain, Scott K; Rosenfeld, Myrna R; Balice-Gordon, Rita; Lynch, David R (2008). “Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies”. The Lancet Neurology. 7 (12): 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. ISSN 1474-4422.
↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). “Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features”. RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.
↑ Gershenson DM, Del Junco G, Herson J, Rutledge FN (February 1983). “Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: the M. D. Anderson experience”. Obstet Gynecol. 61 (2): 194–202. PMID 6185892.
↑ Caserta D, Ralli E, Bordi G, Moscarini M (2013). “An unusual clinical presentation of a pure yolk sac tumor of the ovary: case report”. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 34 (6): 577–9. PMID 24601057.
↑ Ueda G, Abe Y, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T (March 1990). “Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary: a six-year survival”. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 31 (3): 287–92. PMID 1690671.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[LowIlancheran2012-1] Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). “Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours”. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.

[AyhanBukulmez2000-2] Ayhan, Ali; Bukulmez, Orhan; Genc, Cuneyt; Karamursel, Burcu S.; Ayhan, Ayse (2000). “Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years”. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 88 (2): 153–157. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00141-4. ISSN 0301-2115.

[DalmauGleichman2008-3] Dalmau, Josep; Gleichman, Amy J; Hughes, Ethan G; Rossi, Jeffrey E; Peng, Xiaoyu; Lai, Meizan; Dessain, Scott K; Rosenfeld, Myrna R; Balice-Gordon, Rita; Lynch, David R (2008). “Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies”. The Lancet Neurology. 7 (12): 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. ISSN 1474-4422.

[ShaabanRezvani2014-4] Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). “Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features”. RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.

[pmid6185892-5] Gershenson DM, Del Junco G, Herson J, Rutledge FN (February 1983). “Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: the M. D. Anderson experience”. Obstet Gynecol. 61 (2): 194–202. PMID 6185892.

[pmid24601057-6] Caserta D, Ralli E, Bordi G, Moscarini M (2013). “An unusual clinical presentation of a pure yolk sac tumor of the ovary: case report”. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 34 (6): 577–9. PMID 24601057.

[pmid1690671-7] Ueda G, Abe Y, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T (March 1990). “Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary: a six-year survival”. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 31 (3): 287–92. PMID 1690671.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]