Paget's disease of the breast risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of Paget’s disease of the breast are female more than male, incidence is higher with increase in age and people of African or Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Personal or family history of breast cancer, environmental exposure to radiation, high temperature and electromagnetic fields. Genetic mutations like BRCA1, BRCA2 4-14% of male breast cancer, klinefelter’s syndrome in males. Mutations in RAD51B, PALB2, CYP17, CHEK2, BRIP1, RAD51C and androgen receptors. BRIP1 and RAD51C have not been seen in male patients. Endocrine-related states with hyperestrogenism such as obesity, exogenous estrogen, testicular dystrophic lesions in males.

Common risk factors in the development of Paget’s disease of the breast are.^[1][2][3][4]

• Gender female > male
• Age incidence is higher with increase in age
• Personal history of breast cancer
• Family history of breast cancer
• Irradiation
• Genetic mutations
  • BRCA1
  • BRCA2 4-14% of male breast cancer
  • Klinefelter’s syndrome in males
  • Mutations in RAD51B, PALB2, CYP17, CHEK2, BRIP1, RAD51C and androgen receptors.
  • BRIP1 and RAD51C have not been seen in male patients.
• Endocrine-related states with hyperestrogenism such as:

• obesity
• Exogenous estrogen
• Testicular dystrophic lesions in males

• Environmental exposure to radiation, high temperature and electromagnetic fields.
• Orchitis/epididymitis in males.
• Volatile organic compounds (like: tetrachloroethylene, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, and benzene)
• Socio-demographic factors such as:

• People of African or Ashkenazi Jewish descent
• Excessive use of alcohol