Parotitis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Parotitis is most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, but can also result from autoimmune syndromes, parotid gland blockages, and from diseases with uncertain etiologies.

Causes

Infection

Acute viral parotitis
- Mumps virus is the most common cause of viral parotitis.^[1]
- Other viruses that can cause parotitis are below:^[2]

Acute bacterial parotitis:
- The most common cause of bacterial parotitis is Staphylococcus aureus^[1]
- Other bacterial causes of parotitis include the following:
  - streptococcus
  - Gram-negative bacteria
  - Peptostreptococcus
  - Bacteroides
  - Porphyromonas
  - Prevotella

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
- Parotitis can result as a symptom of acute tuberculosis^[3]

Autoimmune Causes

Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Parotitis can result from Sjögren’s syndrome due to chronic inflammation of the parotid gland.^[4]

Blockage

Parotitis can result from the following forms of blockages:
- Sialolithiasis: salivary gland calcified stones, causing parotid gland inflammation.^[5]
- Mucous plugs^[6]
- Benign or malignant neoplasia.^[7]

Diseases of Uncertain Etiology

The following diseases are of uncertain etiology that can cause parotitis:
- Chronic nonspecific parotitis
- Recurrent childhood parotitis
- Sialadenosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoparotitis

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “Salivary gland infections: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia”.
↑ Brook I (1992). “Diagnosis and management of parotitis”. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 118 (5): 469–71. PMID 1571113.
↑ Henderson SO, Mallon WK (1995). “Tuberculosis as the cause of diffuse parotitis”. Ann Emerg Med. 26 (3): 376–9. PMID 7661432.
↑ “Fast Facts About Sjogren’s Syndrome”.
↑ Hernandez S, Busso C, Walvekar RR (2016). “Parotitis and Sialendoscopy of the Parotid Gland”. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2015.12.003. PMID 26912292.
↑ Capaccio P, Torretta S, Ottavian F, Sambataro G, Pignataro L (2007). “Modern management of obstructive salivary diseases”. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 27 (4): 161–72. PMC 2640028. PMID 17957846.
↑ Bussu F, Parrilla C, Rizzo D, Almadori G, Paludetti G, Galli J (2011). “Clinical approach and treatment of benign and malignant parotid masses, personal experience”. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 31 (3): 135–43. PMC 3185824. PMID 22058591.

Template:WH Template:WS

[urlSalivary_gland_infections:_MedlinePlus_Medical_Encyclopedia-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “Salivary gland infections: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia”.

[pmid1571113-2] Brook I (1992). “Diagnosis and management of parotitis”. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 118 (5): 469–71. PMID 1571113.

[pmid7661432-3] Henderson SO, Mallon WK (1995). “Tuberculosis as the cause of diffuse parotitis”. Ann Emerg Med. 26 (3): 376–9. PMID 7661432.

[urlFast_Facts_About_Sjogrens_Syndrome-4] “Fast Facts About Sjogren’s Syndrome”.

[pmid26912292-5] Hernandez S, Busso C, Walvekar RR (2016). “Parotitis and Sialendoscopy of the Parotid Gland”. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2015.12.003. PMID 26912292.

[pmid17957846-6] Capaccio P, Torretta S, Ottavian F, Sambataro G, Pignataro L (2007). “Modern management of obstructive salivary diseases”. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 27 (4): 161–72. PMC 2640028. PMID 17957846.

[pmid22058591-7] Bussu F, Parrilla C, Rizzo D, Almadori G, Paludetti G, Galli J (2011). “Clinical approach and treatment of benign and malignant parotid masses, personal experience”. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 31 (3): 135–43. PMC 3185824. PMID 22058591.

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