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Primary immunodeficiency

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: PID, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, primary immunodeficiency syndromes, hereditary immunodeficiency syndromes, congenital immunodeficiency disorders, primary immunodeficiency disorders, hereditary immunodeficiency disorders, congenital immunodeficiency diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, ereditary immunodeficiency diseases

Overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body’s immune system is missing or does not function properly. Immunodeficiency syndromes may be caused by disorders of the bone marrow (site of immunocyte production). However, many primary immunodeficiency syndromes are caused by mutations that result in abnormalities in either the maturation of immunocytes or their function and are thus not considered bone marrow disorders per se. To be considered a primary immunodeficiency, the cause of the immune deficiency must not be secondary in nature (i.e., caused by other disease, drug treatment, or environmental exposure to toxins, e.g.). In primary immunodeficiency, there might be either cellular involvement (T-cells), humoral involvement (B-cells), or both cellular and humoral involvement.

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Historical Perspective

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Classification
Pathophysiology

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Causes

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Differentiating Primary immunodeficiency from other Diseases

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Incidence

It is believed that around one in every 1200 Americans has a Primary Immunodeficiency disorder. Conditions – there are over 130 recognised primary immunodeficiencies – common variable immunodeficiency, IgA deficiency, XLA, XLP all being worthy of mention in addition to those listed.

Patient support – there are a growing number of national patient organisations around the world to support those who are diagnosed or where one of the conditions are recorded in a family. Access via www.ipopi.org or e-mail info@ipopi.org [or] The Immune Deficiency Foundation [or] Jeffrey Modell Foundation (Links found under “External Links Section”)

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Risk Factors

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Screening

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X ray | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case Studies

Case #1

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