Tumor lysis syndrome (patient information)

The symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome are:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy
• Seizure
• Tetany
• paresthesias
• Arrhythmias
• Hypotension
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Hypertension
• Edema
• Oliguria
• Anuria
• Somnolence
• Hallucinations

Most common causes of tumor lysis syndrome are:

• Burkitt’s lymphoma
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Chemotherapy including methotrexate

• chemotherapy with
  • kidney disease
  • dehydration,
  • Hematologic tumors
  • Solid tumors.

he diagnosis of tumor lysis syndrome is based on the Cairo–Bishop criteria:

• Abnormality in two or more of the following within 3 days before or 7 days after starting chemotherapy:

• Increase uric acid
• Increase phosphate
• Increase potasium level
• Decreased calcium levels

your health care provider will assess uyou the whole time.

• If you are at risk of developing TLS, it can be prevented with different ways before you start cancer treatment.

• This includes taking enough fluids.
• Fluids are usually given 24–48 hours before treatment starts and for several days after treatment is finished.
• During fluid intake, the healthcare team will monitor how much urine you produce. It is important that you output 150–200 ml of urine every hour.
• They may prescribe a diuretic to maintain urine flow.
• Diuretics are drugs that help the body make urine.

If TLS develops, they may suggest the following measures to treat it.

• Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is a drug that stops the body from making uric acid.

• Rasburicase (Fasturtec) is a drug that breaks down uric acid so that the body can get rid of it.
• Sodium bicarbonate or acetazolamide (Diamox) with the intravenous fluids.

• You may need to have dialysis,
• If TLS can’t be corrected or if kidney failure worsens
• Dialysis removes wastes from the blood when the kidneys don’t work properly.

Directions to Hospitals Treating tumor lysis syndrome

• Early recognition of signs and symptoms of patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome.
• Identification of abnormal clinical and laboratory values.

• The prognosis of tumor lysis syndrome is good with treatment and if not associated with renal failure.
• Without treatment, tumor lysis syndrome will result in cardiac arrhythmia and electrolytes disturbance.

• Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
• Acute kidney injury
• Arrhythmia
• Seizures
• Tetany

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