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Health Dictionary

Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Weight increased

Introduction

For patient information click here

Overview

Overview

Overview

Weight gain is an increase in body weight. It is generally caused by the intake of excess calories, little exercise, or may be caused by a medical condition. One exception is bodybuilding, in which muscle is gained by workout routines. With a large differential diagnosis, weight gain is a prevalent complaint among adult patients.

It may be intentional or unintentional, sometimes for muscle building, or for health reasons, i.e. increasing body fat percentage to a healthy amount. Intentional reasons may include gaining weight to get to a healthy weight, bodybuilding, and recovery for eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.

See obesity for a full discussion.

References

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology

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References

Causes

Causes

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Alstrom syndrome, Heart failure, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Preeclampsia, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation, HAIR-AN Syndrome
Drug Side Effect 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, Aldesleukin, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Anastrozole, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Atenolol, Azelastine, Bisoprolol, Bosentan, Carteolol, Carvedilol, Chlorpropamide, Chlorprothixene, Ciprofloxacin, Clomiphene, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Cyclosporine, Cyproheptadine, Cyproterone, Danazol, Desonide, Desoximetasone, Dexamethasone, Diclofenac, Dienogest, Diflunisal, Disopyramide, Docetaxel, Doxazosin, Doxepin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Escitalopram, Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest, Estrogen Injection, Ethinylestradiol, Etodolac, Etonogestrel, Fenoprofen, Fentanyl, Fludrocortisone acetate, Fluvoxamine, Fulvestrant, Gabapentin, Gestrinone, Glatiramer, Glucocorticoid, Goserelin, Haloperidol, Histrelin, Hormone replacement therapy, Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydrocortisone, Iloperidone, Imatinib, Imipramine, Implanon, Indomethacin, Insulin, Interferon beta-1a, Interferon beta-1b, Itraconazole, Ketorolac, Ketotifen, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Levomepromazine, Lithium, Lofepramine, Maprotiline, Meclofenamate, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Megestrol, Meglitinide, Mesoridazine, Methylprednisolone, Metoprolol, Mianserin, Minoxidil, Misoprostol, Nabumetone, Nadolol, Nialamide, Norplant, NuvaRing, Olanzapine, Oprelvekin, Oxandrolone, Oxcarbazepine, Oxymetholone, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Phenelzine, Phenothiazine, Pindolol, Pioglitazone, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Prednisolone, Pregabalin, Progesterone, Propranolol, Quetiapine, Ractopamine, Reserpine, Risperidone, Rituximab, Rofecoxib, Rosiglitazone, Salsalate, Sargramostim, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Sertindole, Sertraline, Siltuximab, Sirolimus, St John’s wort, Steroid medications, Sulfonylureas, Sulindac, Sunitinib, Temozolomide, Terazosin, Thiazolidinedione, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Tiagabine, Timolol, Tolmetin, Trazodone, Trestolone, Tretinoin, Triamcinolone oral, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Valproic acid, Venlafaxine, Vigabatrin, Ziprasidone, Zotepine
Ear Nose Throat Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness, Ayazi syndrome, 1p36 deletion syndrome, Alstrom syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wolfram syndrome
Endocrine Achard-Thiers Syndrome, Acromegaly, Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, Cushing’s syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Froelich’s syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency, HAIR-AN Syndrome, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Hyperpituitarism, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamic tumor, Hypothyroidism, Laron Syndrome, Low Testosterone levels, Lymphomatous thyroiditis, Mauriac syndrome, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Prediabetes, Pseudocyesis, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Riedel’s thyroiditis, Sub clinical hypothyroidism, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Nelson’s syndrome, Morgagni syndrome, Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism, Wolfram syndrome, Adrenal incidentaloma, Pituitary tumour, Hypogonadism, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome, Alstrom syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cirrhosis of the liver, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease-immunodeficiency, Insulinoma, Mauriac syndrome, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome
Genetic 1p36 deletion syndrome, Carpenter’s syndrome, Cohen Syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Macrosomia Obesity Macrocephaly Ocular abnormalities syndrome, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, X linked mental retardation-precocious puberty-obesity, Obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency, partial 9p duplication, Prader-Willi syndrome, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, Young Hughes syndrome, Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy, X-linked mental retardation-gynecomastia-obesity, Clark-Baraitser syndrome
Hematologic Lipedema, Lymphatic obstruction, Milroy’s syndrome, Paget-Schroeder syndrome
Iatrogenic Excessive IV fluid, Nelson’s syndrome, Orchidectomy, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Retinoic acid syndrome, Total parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease Elephantiasis, Infectobesity
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy, Hyperostosis frontalis interna-obesity, Morgagni syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Summitt syndrome, Urban rogers meyer syndrome, Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation, Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness, Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, Carpenter’s syndrome, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, Prader-Willi syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, Borjeson Syndrome, Clark-Baraitser syndrome, Mental retardation-epilepsy-bulbous nose, Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism, Mental retardation-epileptic seizures-hypogonadism-hypogenitalism-microcephaly-obesity, Nguyen syndrome, Alstrom syndrome
Neurologic Astrocytoma, Borjeson Syndrome, Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome, Chromophobe adenoma, Clark-Baraitser syndrome, Craniopharyngioma, Grahmann’s syndrome, Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism, Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism, Mental retardation-blepharophimosis-obesity-web neck, Mental retardation-epilepsy-bulbous nose, Mental retardation-epileptic seizures-hypogonadism-hypogenitalism-microcephaly-obesity, Mental retardation-nasal hypoplasia-obesity-genital hypoplasia, X-linked mental retardation-gynecomastia-obesity, Nguyen syndrome, Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Sheehan’s syndrome, Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation syndrome, Hyperpituitarism, 1p36 deletion syndrome, Young Hughes syndrome, Urban rogers meyer syndrome, Aniridia ptosis intellectual deficit familial obesity, Biemond syndrome type 2, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Nelson’s syndrome, Pituitary tumour, Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation, Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness, Prader-Willi syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, Hypothalamic tumor, Cohen Syndrome, Wilms tumor – aniridia – genitourinary anomalies – mental retardation, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Third ventricle tumor
Nutritional / Metabolic Hyponatremia, Metabolic Syndrome, Overeating, Zinc
Obstetric/Gynecologic Ovarian Cancer, Ovarian cyst, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Pseudocyesis, Sheehan’s syndrome, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Polycystic ovaries urethral sphincter dysfunction
Oncologic Adrenal carcinoma, Adrenal incidentaloma, Pituitary tumour, Hypothalamic tumor, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Insulinoma, Astrocytoma, Chromophobe adenoma, Craniopharyngioma, Ovarian Cancer, Third ventricle tumor
Opthalmologic Aniridia ptosis intellectual deficit familial obesity, Ayazi syndrome, Biemond syndrome type 2, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome, Alstrom syndrome, Cohen Syndrome, Macrosomia Obesity Macrocephaly Ocular abnormalities syndrome, Mental retardation-blepharophimosis-obesity-web neck, Wilms tumor – aniridia – genitourinary anomalies – mental retardation, Wolfram syndrome, Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, 1p36 deletion syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Atypical depression, Binge eating disorder, Bipolar disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, Compulsive eating, Depression, Disordered eating, Dysthymia, Night eating syndrome, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism, Schizophrenia
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Nephrotic syndrome, Polycystic ovaries urethral sphincter dysfunction, Renal failure, Wilms tumor – aniridia – genitourinary anomalies – mental retardation, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Hepatic veno-occlusive disease-immunodeficiency
Sexual Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Hypogonadism, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, X linked mental retardation-precocious puberty-obesity, Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome, Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism, Mental retardation-epileptic seizures-hypogonadism-hypogenitalism-microcephaly-obesity, Mental retardation-nasal hypoplasia-obesity-genital hypoplasia, Nguyen syndrome, Polycystic ovaries urethral sphincter dysfunction, Castration, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, Borjeson Syndrome, Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Young Hughes syndrome, Urban rogers meyer syndrome, Biemond syndrome type 2, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, Wilms tumor – aniridia – genitourinary anomalies – mental retardation
Trauma Hypothalamic trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Aging, Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome, Bodybuilding, Bodybuilding, Castration, Doping, Emotional eating, Familial obesity, Force-feeding, Idiopathic edema, Immobility, Normal growing adolescent, Normal growing child, Normal growing infant, Oedema, Reaction to prior dieting, Sedentary lifestyle, Sleep deprivation, Sleep eating, Smoking cessation, Stress eating, Weight cycling, Wilson’s temperature syndrome, Overeating, Night eating syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=1067
  2. ↑ Ishikawa K, Sohmiya M, Ohguni S, Sato T, Tanigawa K, Kato Y (1996). “Unique case of growth hormone (GH) deficiency accompanied by clinical anophthalmia, hypoplastic orbits, digital dysplasia, short stature, obesity, and diabetes mellitus”. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 67 (2): 191–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960409)67:2<191::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 8723046. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=127
  4. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=127
  5. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=10879&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=Carpenter-syndrome&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&Disease%28s%29/group%20of%20diseases=Carpenter-syndrome&title=Carpenter-syndrome&search=Disease_Search_Simple
  6. ↑ Mendicino A, Sabbadini G, Pergola MS (2005). “Clark-Baraitser syndrome: report of a new case and review of the literature”. Clinical Dysmorphology. 14 (3): 133–5. PMID 15930902. Retrieved 2012-07-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cohen-syndrome
  8. ↑ Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, Roscioli T, Ziegler JB, Buckley M, Wong M. [[]]. PMID 20301448. Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  9. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=3137&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=Sengers-Hamel-Otten&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&disease%28s%29/group%20of%20diseases=Hydrocephalus—obesity—hypogonadism–Sengers-Hamel-Otten-syndrome-&title=Hydrocephalus—obesity—hypogonadism–Sengers-Hamel-Otten-syndrome-&search=Disease_Search_Simple
  10. ↑ http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=549972
  11. ↑ Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, Pallais JC, Au M, Pitteloud N, Seminara S, Crowley WF. [[]]. PMID 20301455. Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=2038&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=epilepsy&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&Disease%28s%29/group%20of%20diseases=Hernandez-Aguirre-Negrete-syndrome–Mental-retardation—epilepsy—bulbous-nose-&title=Hernandez-Aguirre-Negrete-syndrome–Mental-retardation—epilepsy—bulbous-nose-&search=Disease_Search_Simple
  13. ↑ Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, Brice GW, Mansour S, Ostergaard P, Connell F, Jeffery S, Mortimer P. [[]]. PMID 20301417. Missing or empty |title= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  14. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=66628
  15. ↑ Haddad BR, Lin AE, Wyandt H, Milunsky A (1996). “Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of the first familial case of partial 9p duplication (p22p24)”. Journal of Medical Genetics. 33 (12): 1045–7. PMC 1050821. PMID 9004142. Retrieved 2012-07-29. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=3114&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=Fowler-Christmas-Chapple-syndrome-&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&Disease%28s%29%20concerned=Polycystic-ovaries—urethral-sphincter-dysfunction–Fowler-Christmas-Chapple-syndrome-&title=Polycystic-ovaries—urethral-sphincter-dysfunction–Fowler-Christmas-Chapple-syndrome-&search=Disease_Search_Simple
  17. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=3087
  18. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search.php?lng=EN&data_id=3137&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseGroup=Sengers-Hamel-Otten&Disease_Disease_Search_diseaseType=Pat&disease%28s%29/group%20of%20diseases=Hydrocephalus—obesity—hypogonadism–Sengers-Hamel-Otten-syndrome-&title=Hydrocephalus—obesity—hypogonadism–Sengers-Hamel-Otten-syndrome-&search=Disease_Search_Simple
  19. ↑ http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=3423
  20. ↑ Hockey A (1986). “X-linked intellectual handicap and precocious puberty with obesity in carrier females”. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 23 (1–2): 127–37. PMID 3953642. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  21. ↑ Young ID, Hughes HE (1982). “Sex-linked mental retardation, short stature, obesity and hypogonadism: report of a family”. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research. 26 (Pt 3): 153–62. PMID 7175926. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

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References

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S