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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Bone or cartilage mass classification

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified according to the WHO histological classification system into benign and malignant tumors, and categorized into 5 sub-types: cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, notochordal tumors, hematopoietic tumors, and miscellaneous tumors.[1][2] In addition, bone and cartilage tumors may be sub-classified according to tumor location into 4 subtypes: diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, and ungrouped/others.[3]

Classification

Classification

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified by location, origin, and histopahological origin.

  • Tumor location
  • Tumor nature
  • Benign
  • Malignant
  • Origin
  • Primary
  • Secondary ( see “Secondary tumors classification” below)
  • Histopathological origin
  • Cartilage tumors
  • Osteogenic tumors
  • Fibrohistiocytic tumors
  • Notochordal tumors
  • Hematopoietic tumors
  • Miscellaneous tumors.
  • The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.[1][2]
Bone or cartilage mass classification
Adapted from ICD-10/WHO (9180–9269)[3]
Osteogenic tumors: bone-forming tumors Cartilage tumors: cartilage-forming tumors Fibrogenic or fibrohistiocytic tumors Cystic tumors Others ( hematopoietic, notochordal, and neuroectodermal)
Histological Type
Epiphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis
Tumor Location
Benign Malignant
Tumor Nature
  • The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as “metastases”) according to location, and bone formation pattern.
Secondary bone tumors: classification
Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 [4]
Bone formation pattern Tumor location
Osteolytic Skull
Osteoblastic Vertebral
Mixed
  • Breast cancer
  • Gastrointestinal cancers
  • Squamous cancers (at most primary sites)
 Distal appendicular
Other types ( “Blow out” and “Cookie type”)
References

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Miller TT (2008). “Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography”. Radiology. 246 (3): 662–74. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463061038. PMID 18223119.
  4. ↑ Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]