Bronchospasm

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S.; Areej Tariq.

Overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Bronchospasm is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Historical Perspective

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Classification

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

Bronchospasm is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. The overactivity of the bronchioles’ muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in mucus production; this reduces the amount of oxygen that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and hypoxia.

**Inflamed airways and bronchoconstriction in asthma**. Airways narrowed as a result of the inflammatory response cause wheezing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

Allergens such as eggs, milk, peanuts, walnuts, tree and other nuts, fish, especially shellfish, soy and wheat; insect bites and stings, especially bee stings; and other medicines, especially penicillin and its derivatives.
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Beta-blockers
Bronchitis
Terconazole
Cold air ^[1]
COPD
Decongestants
Endotracheal tube placement
LRTI
URTI

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Churg-Strauss syndrome, Anaphylactic shock
Chemical / poisoning	5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb, Amidithion, Aminocarb, Amiton, Anaphylatoxin, Athyl-Gusathion, Azinfosethyl, Azinfos-methyl, Azinophos-methyl, Azinphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-methyl, Azinphosmetile, Azothoate, Aztreonam, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Benoxafos, Bromophos, Bromophos-ethyl, Snake bite, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxcarboxim, Cadusafos, Carbamates, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbophenothion, Carbosulfan, Caterpillar poisoning, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlorine Dioxide, Chloroacetophenone, Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile, Chloropyrifos, Chlorpyrifos methyl, Cloethocarb, CS gas, Cyanthoate, Decarbofuran, Demeton, Demeton-methyl, Demeton-O, Demeton-O-methyl, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulphon, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dicresyl, Dicrotophos, Dimetan, Dimethoate, Dimetilan, Dioxacarb, Dioxathion, Disulfoton, EMPC, Endothion, Ethiofencarb, Ethion, Ethoate-methyl, Ethoprophos, Ethyl-guthion, Etrimfos, Eucalyptus oil , Fenchlorphos, Fenethacarb, Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Fonophos, Formothion, Furathiocarb, Gonionemus poisoning, Guthion (ethyl), Heptenophos, Hydrogen sulfide, Hyquincarb, Iodofenphos, Isofenphos, Isoprocarb, Latex allergy, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Methylene Diisocyanate, Metiltriazotion, Metolcarb, Mevinphos, Mexacarbate, Minocycline hydrochloride, Monocrotophos, Monosodium glutamate, Nitrilacarb, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitromethane, Omethoate, Organophosphates, Oxacillin, Oxamyl, Oxydeprofos, Oxydisulfoton, Parathion, Parathion Methyl, Phenkapton, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosdrin, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimicarb, Pirimiphos-methyl, Platinum salts, Primiphos methyl, Profenofos, Promacyl, Promecarb, Propoxur, Prothidathion, Prothoate, Pyrimitate, Quinalphos, Quintiofos, Radiocontrast, Scombroid, Smoke inhalation, Sophamide, Sulfotep, Sulfur Trioxide, Tazimcarb, Terbufos, Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate, Tetrodotoxin, Thiocarboxime, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Thiometon, Tolclofos methyl, Toluene Diisocyanate, Triazophos, Triazotion, Trifenfos, Trimethacarb, Vamidothion, XMC, Xylylcarb, Analgesic asthma syndrome
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abciximab, acetylcysteine, acetylsalicylic acid, adenosine, alemtuzumab, aspirin, atenolol, atovaquone, atracurium, beclometasone dipropionate, benzonatate, beta-blockers, betahistine, betaxolol, bethanechol, caspofungin acetate, cocaine, colistin, cyclizine, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, decongestants, diclofenac, docetaxel, felbinac, hydroxyethyl starch, ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Interferon gamma, Ixabepilone, Ketamine, Ketorolac, Labetalol, Levobunolol hydrochloride,Nadolol, Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, nitrazepam, nSAIDs, omalizumab, olsalazine, oxymetazoline, panitumumab, pegaspargase, penicillin, pentamidine isethionate, phenylephrine, pilocarpine, propafenone, propranolol, ramucirumab, rapacuronium, ritonavir, sertraline, sipuleucel-T, streptokinase, teniposide, timolol, umeclidinium, zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Byssinosis, Pollen allergy
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Mastocytosis
Iatrogenic	Blood transfusion, Bronchial challenge test, Exercise stress testing
Infectious Disease	Pfiesteria piscicida , Pneumonia, Schistosomiasis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Pulmonary strongyloidiasis, Viral illness, Visceral larva migrans, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Bronchiolitis, LRTI, URTI, Giardiasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Carcinoid tumour
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Abciximab, Acetylcysteine, Acetylsalicylic acid, Adenosine, Alemtuzumab, Aspirin, Atenolol, Atracurium, Benzonatate, Beta-blockers, Betahistine, Betaxolol, Bethanechol, Cocaine, Colistin, Cyclizine, Diclofenac, Felbinac, Hydroxyethyl starch, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketamine, Ketorolac, Labetalol, Nadolol, Nitrazepam, NSAIDs, Penicillin, Pentamidine, Pilocarpine, Propafenone, Propranolol, Rapacuronium, Streptokinase, Timolol, Zanamivir, Decongestants, Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Shaver’s disease, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Emphysema, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Analgesic asthma syndrome, Pneumonia, Pulmonary strongyloidiasis, Aspiration, Byssinosis, COPD, LRTI, URTI
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Anaphylaxis, Food allergy, Peanut allergy, Pollen allergy, Latex allergy, Anaphylactic shock
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Anaphylaxis, Anaphylactic shock, Aspiration, Exercise induced bronchospasm, Food allergy, Clove cigarette smoking, Near-drowning, Peanut allergies, Carcinoid syndrome, Snake bite, Latex allergy, Pollen allergy, Cocaine

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Marsh, Alex; Gordon, David; Heslop, Pauline; Pantazis, Christina (2000). “Housing Deprivation and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis”. Housing Studies. 15 (3): 411. doi:10.1080/02673030050009258.

Template:WH Template:WS

Differentiating Bronchospasm from other Diseases

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Epidemiology and Demographics

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Risk Factors

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It’s easy! Click here to learn about editing.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case#1

Template:WS

[1] Marsh, Alex; Gordon, David; Heslop, Pauline; Pantazis, Christina (2000). “Housing Deprivation and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis”. Housing Studies. 15 (3): 411. doi:10.1080/02673030050009258.

[1]

Bronchospasm

Overview

References

References

References

Pathophysiology

References

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

References

References

References

References

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Looking for the patient version?