Inferior vena cava syndrome
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is a result of obstruction of the inferior vena cava. It can be caused by invasion or compression by a pathological process or by thrombosis in the vein itself.
Frequency
Frequency
Epidemiological data is elusive owing to the wide variety of clinical presentation. In the U.S., incidence is estimated to be at 5–10 cases per 100’000 per year.
Causes
Causes
Common Causes
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Acute pancreatitis
- Adrenal cortical carcinoma
- Budd-chiari syndrome
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Gastric adenocarcinoma
- Hepatic abscess
- Hepatic hemangioma
- Hepatic venous thrombosis
- Infective phlebitis
- Pancreatic pseudocysts
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Seminoma
- Teratoma
- Tumors
- Uterus pressure
- Vascular catheterization
- Vena caval filters
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Deep vein thrombosis, Hepatic venous thrombosis, Infective phlebitis, Pacemaker wires, Renal vein thrombosis , Vascular catheterization , Vena caval filters |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Oral contraceptives |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Acute pancreatitis, Budd-chiari syndrome, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Hepatic abscess, Hepatic hemangioma, Hepatic venous thrombosis, Liver transplants, Pancreatic pseudocysts , Psoa hematoma, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Liver transplants, Pacemaker wires, Vascular catheterization , Vena caval filters |
| Infectious Disease | Hepatic abscess, Infective phlebitis, Polycystitis |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Adrenal cortical carcinoma |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Uterus pressure |
| Oncologic | Adrenal cortical carcinoma, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Hepatic hemangioma, Pancreatic pseudocysts , Psoa hematoma, Renal angiomyolipoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, Seminoma, Teratoma, Tumors |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Dialysis, Nephrotic syndrome, Polycystitis, Renal angiomyolipoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Renal vein thrombosis |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Acute pancreatitis
- Adrenal cortical carcinoma
- Budd-chiari syndrome
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Dialysis
- Gastric adenocarcinoma
- Hepatic abscess
- Hepatic hemangioma
- Hepatic venous thrombosis
- Infective phlebitis
- Liver transplants
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Oral contraceptives
- Pacemaker wires
- Pancreatic pseudocysts
- Physical trauma
- Polycystitis
- Psoa hematoma
- Renal angiomyolipoma
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma
- Seminoma
- Teratoma
- Tumors
- Uterus pressure
- Vascular catheterization
- Vena caval filters
Symptoms
Symptoms
IVCS presents with a wide variety of signs and symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose clinically.
- Edema of the lower extremities
- Tachycardia
- In pregnant women, signs of fetal hypoxia and distress may be seen in the CTG
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