Nephrocalcinosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Nephrocalcinosis is a term originally used to describe deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. It is now more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification on radiology.^[1] During its early stages, nephrocalcinosis is visible on x-ray, and appears as a fine granular mottling over the renal outlines. These outlines eventually come together to form a dense mass.^[2]

It is most commonly seen as an incidental finding with medullary sponge kidney on an abdominal x-ray. However, it may be severe enough to cause (as well as be caused by) renal tubular acidosis or even end stage renal failure, due to disruption of the renal tissue by the deposited calcium.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

It was once known as Albright’s calcinosis after Fuller Albright.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

• Chemical nephrocalcinosis
• Microscopic nephrocalcinosis
• Macroscopic nephrocalcinosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

• Acute cortical necrosis. May be caused by:
  • Placenta abruptio
  • Placenta previa
  • Septic abortion
  • Transfusion reactions
  • Burns
  • Snake bite
  • Severe dehydration
  • Shock
  • Severe heart failure
  • Abdominal aortic surgery
• Chronic glomerulonephritis
• Alport syndrome
• Prolonged hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria
• Renal transplant rejection
• Sickle cell disease (rare)
• Vitamin B6 deficiency (pyridoxine deficiency) (rare)

• Medullary sponge kidney
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Renal tubular acidosis (specifically distal RTA)
• Renal tuberculosis
• Renal papillary necrosis
• Hyperoxaluria

• Immobilization (leading to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria)
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Hypervitaminosis D
• Sarcoidosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

• Hyperparathyroidism
• Medullary sponge kidney
• Renal tubular acidosis
• Hypercalcemia

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