Patent ductus arteriosus echocardiography

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Ramyar Ghandriz MD [4]Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [5]

Overview

Echocardiogram is the non-invasive method and can diagnose patent ductus arteriosus. Echo along with doppler can be used to visualize the shunt from the aorta to the left pulmonary artery.

Echocardiography

The PDA can usually be visualized on two-dimensional echocardiography, showing left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) enlargement.^[1]^[2]^[3]
PDA can also be assessed by doppler and color flow imaging, establishing the diagnosis and distension of a small nonpulmonary hypertensive ductus from a coronary arteriovenous fistula to the pulmonary artery.
Doppler shows the presence of a continuous flow into the left PA and main PA trunk.
The maximum acceleration of the blood flow is in late systole and early diastole.
In the adult, doppler can be used to visualize the shunt from the aorta to the left pulmonary artery. ^[4]

PDAs can be seen on:^[5]

Suprasternal view
High parasternal short-axis view: aim probe leftward/superior
Transesophageal echocardiogram (often needed in adults to accurately visualize a PDA)

Functions

Estimate the magnitude of the shunt.^[6]
Degree of left ventricular and left atrial dilation.
Calculation of the peak pressure gradient in the PDA can be calculated with the modified Bernoulli equation.
Associated anomalies.

Echocardiogram showed; normal left ventricular chamber size and function, normal size of both atria. Furthermore, an obvious PDA (diameter = 6-7 mm) connecting the proximal of descending aorta to the left to the pulmonary artery was reported in echocardiography.Case courtesy by Bahram Pishgoo et al^[7]

References

↑ Serwer GA, Armstrong BE, Anderson PA (1980). “Nonivasive detection of retrograde descending aortic flow in infants using continuous wave doppler ultrasonography. Implications for diagnosis of aortic run-off lesions”. J Pediatr. 97 (3): 394–400. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80188-0. PMID 7411301.
↑ Cloez JL, Isaaz K, Pernot C (1986). “Pulsed Doppler flow characteristics of ductus arteriosus in infants with associated congenital anomalies of the heart or great arteries”. Am J Cardiol. 57 (10): 845–51. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)90625-9. PMID 3962872.
↑ Hiraishi S, Horiguchi Y, Misawa H, Oguchi K, Kadoi N, Fujino N; et al. (1987). “Noninvasive Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of shunt flow dynamics of the ductus arteriosus”. Circulation. 75 (6): 1146–53. doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.6.1146. PMID 3568325.
↑ Sinha, Rahul; Dalal, SS; Negi, Vandana (2013). “An interesting observation of PDA closure with oral paracetamol in preterm neonates”. Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2 (1): 30. doi:10.4103/2249-4847.109245. ISSN 2249-4847.
↑ Jain, Amish; Shah, Prakesh S. (2015). “Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates”. JAMA Pediatrics. 169 (9): 863. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0987. ISSN 2168-6203.
↑ Abu-Sulaiman, R. M.; Subaih, B. (2004). “Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Echocardiographic Study”. Pediatric Cardiology. 25 (2): 137–140. doi:10.1007/s00246-003-0538-8. ISSN 0172-0643.
↑ “A rare presentation of patent ductus arteriosus in an adult patient with normal pulmonary hypertension and limb edema”.

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[pmid7411301-1] Serwer GA, Armstrong BE, Anderson PA (1980). “Nonivasive detection of retrograde descending aortic flow in infants using continuous wave doppler ultrasonography. Implications for diagnosis of aortic run-off lesions”. J Pediatr. 97 (3): 394–400. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80188-0. PMID 7411301.

[pmid3962872-2] Cloez JL, Isaaz K, Pernot C (1986). “Pulsed Doppler flow characteristics of ductus arteriosus in infants with associated congenital anomalies of the heart or great arteries”. Am J Cardiol. 57 (10): 845–51. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)90625-9. PMID 3962872.

[pmid3568325-3] Hiraishi S, Horiguchi Y, Misawa H, Oguchi K, Kadoi N, Fujino N; et al. (1987). “Noninvasive Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of shunt flow dynamics of the ductus arteriosus”. Circulation. 75 (6): 1146–53. doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.6.1146. PMID 3568325.

[SinhaDalal2013-4] Sinha, Rahul; Dalal, SS; Negi, Vandana (2013). “An interesting observation of PDA closure with oral paracetamol in preterm neonates”. Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2 (1): 30. doi:10.4103/2249-4847.109245. ISSN 2249-4847.

[JainShah2015-5] Jain, Amish; Shah, Prakesh S. (2015). “Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates”. JAMA Pediatrics. 169 (9): 863. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0987. ISSN 2168-6203.

[Abu-SulaimanSubaih2004-6] Abu-Sulaiman, R. M.; Subaih, B. (2004). “Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Echocardiographic Study”. Pediatric Cardiology. 25 (2): 137–140. doi:10.1007/s00246-003-0538-8. ISSN 0172-0643.

[7] “A rare presentation of patent ductus arteriosus in an adult patient with normal pulmonary hypertension and limb edema”.

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Patent ductus arteriosus echocardiography

Overview

Echocardiography

Functions

References

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