Scrotal swelling
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D., C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D., C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Scrotal swelling is abnormal enlargement of the scrotum.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Scrotal swelling can occur in males at any age.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
The swelling can be on one or both sides, and there may be pain. The testicles and penis may or may not be involved.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Application of ice packs to the scrotum for the first 24 hours, followed by sitz baths helps in decreasing swelling. If the pain is severe, a rolled-up towel between the legs just under the scrotum may help in relieving pain and reducing swelling. Wearing a loose-fitting athletic supporter for daily activities can help reduce swelling as well. Avoiding excessive activity until the swelling disappears is also important.
Primary Prevention
Avoiding trauma to the scrotal area can be an important preventative measure.
References
Historical Perspective
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Classification
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Pathophysiology
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Causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Scrotal swelling is usually caused by trauma to the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymus, and spermatic cord. Less commonly, it can be caused by bacterial and viral infection. It is critically important to examine for tumors, as malignant conditions such as testicular cancer and other sources of cell metastasis can cause scrotal swelling and are life-threatening conditions.
Life Threatening Causes
- Congestive heart failure
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour
- Leydig cell tumor
- Lymphomas
- Metastases
- Seminoma
- Sertoli cell tumor
- Teratoma
- Testicular cancer
Common Causes
- Epididymitis
- Hernia
- Hydrocele
- Inguinal hernia
- Injury
- Spermatocele
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular torsion
- Torsion of epididymus
- Torsion of spermatic cord
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute epididymitis
- Aromatase deficiency
- Atkin-flaitz-patil syndrome
- Congestive heart failure
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour
- Drugs
- Epididymal cyst
- Epididymitis
- Epididymo-orchitis
- Folliculitis
- Fragile x syndrome
- Gumma
- Haematocele
- Hernia
- Hsp
- Hydrocele
- Infarction
- Inguinal hernia
- Injury
- Insect bite
- Leydig cell tumor
- Lipoma of spermatic cord
- Lymphomas
- Metastases
- Mumps
- Orchitis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Ppm-x syndrome
- Scrotal haematoma
- Scrotal abscess
- Scrotal gangrene
- Scrotal hernia
- Scrotal parasitosis
- Sebaceous cyst
- Seminoma
- Sertoli cell tumor
- Shprintzen-goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome
- Spermatocele
- Surgery
- Teratoma
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular torsion
- Thrombosis of spermatic veins
- Torsion of testes
- Torsion of epididymus
- Torsion of spermatic cord
- Trauma
- Twisted echinococcal cyst
- Varicocoele
References
Differentiating Scrotal Swelling from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Scrotal swelling can occur in males at any age.
References
Risk Factors
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References
Screening
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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
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