The pathophysiology of uremic pericarditis is not fully understood. However, there is a correlation observed with levels of blood urea nitrogen(usually >60 mg/dL) and creatinine. In renal failure, the absence or inadequate dialysis can lead to accumulation of these toxins in the body which may cause inflammation of pericardium and development of adhesions between the two pericardial layers. This could lead to loculation of effusion in pericardial cavity. Patients undergoing dialysis may also develop pericarditis. In a series, 13% of patients undergoing hemodialysis developed pericarditis.

• The pathophysiology of uremic pericarditis is not fully understood. However, there is a correlation observed with levels of blood urea nitrogen(usually >60 mg/dL) and creatinine.
• In renal failure, the absence or inadequate dialysis can lead to accumulation of these toxins in the body which may cause inflammation of pericardium and development of adhesions between the two pericardial layers. This could lead to loculation of effusion in pericardial cavity.
• Patients undergoing dialysis may also develop pericarditis. In a series, 13% of patients undergoing hemodialysis developed pericarditis^[1]
• Uremic pericarditis can occur as a serous or a hemorrhagic effusion with considerable overlapping. Hemorrhagic effusions are more common secondary to uremia induced platelet dysfunction and the use of anticoagulation during hemodialysis.
• Dialysis associated pericarditis may also be secondary to volume overload and bacterial or viral infections.^[2]
• Presence of a large pericardial effusion that persists for >10 days after intensive dialysis has a high likelihood of development of cardiac tamponade.

Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology