MyEClinic
MyEClinic
Health Dictionary Find a Doctor

Acinic cell carcinoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Acinar carcinoma; Acinar cell carcinomaFor patient information click here.

Overview

Overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a low-grade malignant salivary neoplasm that constitutes approximately 17% of primary salivary gland malignancies. In the head and neck region, the parotid gland is the predominant site of origin. This tumor is usually a low-grade, highly differentiated carcinoma. Women are usually more frequently diagnosed than men. There are many risk factors, including cigarette smoking, genetic predisposition, radioactive substances, viral infections, rubber manufacturing, plumbing equipment and some types of woodworking, as well as asbestos mining and exposure to nickel compounds. Patients typically present with a slowly enlarging mass in the parotid region, nausea, vomiting and digestion problems. Treatments include complete surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Acinic cell carcinoma was considered as a benign neoplasm until 1953. All acinic cell carcinomas were classified as neoplasms in the WHO‘s international classification of disease for oncology by 1972. In a second edition, all acinic cell carcinomas considered as adenocarcinoma by 1990. Batsakis et al, described acinic cell carcinoma as a derivative from progenitor reserve cells of terminal tubules and intercalated ducts of salivary tissue for the first time. Acinic cell carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, mainly develop in parotid gland (81000 out of 100000), less common, it occurs in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands of palate. It belongs to the family of adenocarcinoma which share similarities with: Adenoid cystic, Muco-epidermoid, low-grade adenocarcinoma and some breast cancers. The development of acinic cell carcinomas is the result of multiple genetic mutations that suggest association of tumor suppression genes such as: Chromosome 5q, chromosome 6p, chromosome 17p, deletions of chromosome 6q, loss of chromosome Y, Trisomy 21. Molecular studies suggest that retinoblastoma pathway also can be involved with acinic cell carcinomas. Acinic cell carcinoma is a head and neck tumor happening in the salivary glands. If a patient was observed with related signs, the tumor must be classified as a benign or invasive by the capsule being intact. Differential diagnosis of a malignant tumor in salivary gland is made after the incision and by histology features which will provide a good chemotherapy regimen for so called patients. In western countries, salivary gland carcinomas account for 4000 out of 100000 of all head and neck carcinomas, and approximately 80% of those occurring in parotid gland. one out of six parotid gland cancer is acinic cell carcinomas. Distribution of acinic cell carcinoma between age groups seems to be quiet even, with a median age of 52 years, but it occurs mostly at a younger age. Children are rarely affected with salivary gland carcinoma, but if they are, it is most likely to be acinic cell carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma is predominantly seen in in whites (85000 out of 100000 cases) and less in African nations(8000 out of 100000 cases) here is a higher incidence among female with the ratio ranging from 1.43:1 to 1.57:1. There is very little approved information about acinic cell carcinoma risk factors but familial predisposition and previous radiation exposure may play an important role. Screening is not recommended for acinic cell carcinoma. Once diagnosis confirmed, ultrasonography, nuclear scans, CT scan and MRI can usually conduct for assessing the size of the tumor, location, and the nature of the tumor. Parotid gland, is the most common site for acinic cell carcinoma affection. Typically, acinic cell carcinoma is a slow growing mass, lacking other symptoms. Pain or fixation to surroundings is a sign of poor prognosis. Nodal metastasis of acinic cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Another rare complication is cranial nerve VII dysfunction. A small minority of of acinic cell carcinoma occurs in sinonasal area or larynx, there is a big controversy about bilateral acinic cell carcinoma, it is still unknown if it invades bilateral glands or just a unilateral tumor. Common sites for non-salivary acinic cell carcinoma is lacrimal gland, pancreas, and breast. Acinic cell carcinoma in pancreas are so called as acinar cell carcinoma. The prognostic factors are age, pain, gender, race, previous inadequate treatment, extent of disease and invasion of the skull base. Physical examination of neck may reveal a firm swelling and tenderness. Clinical stage, particularly tumor size, may be the critical factor to determine the outcome of salivary gland cancer and may be more important than histologic grade. TNM system is the system of choice for studying acinic cell carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma is usually anatomically accessible tumor and patient do not show far metastasis at the time of diagnosis, the treatment of choice is surgery with resection of all free margins. Since acinic cell carcinoma could be neglected, a high rate of recurrence after first resection have been reported. Low grade acinic cell carcinoma will be cured with surgery alone, but the site of origin indicates extension of resection. Superficial parotidectomy often effects complete removal of acinic cell carcinoma, but conservative parotidectomy is indicated if the deep lobe is involved. Initial approach would be more aggressive if the tumor is locally advanced acinic cell carcinoma, the facial nerve cannot be preserved, it must be resected and reconstructed with an autograft from greater auricular or sural nerve. Elective neck dissection is not recommended in acinic cell carcinoma, because of low risk of regional lymph node metastasis. However studies have revealed additional neck dissection decrease the rate of recurrence.

Historical Perspective

Acinic cell carcinoma was discovered as a benign neoplasm until 1953.

All acinic cell carcinomas were classified as neoplasms in the WHO‘s international classification of disease for oncology by 1972. In a second edition, all acinic cell neoplasms considered as adenocarcinoma by 1990. Batsakis et al, described acinic cell carcinoma as a derivative from progenitor reserve cells of terminal tubules and intercalated ducts of salivary tissue for the first time.

Pathophysiology

Acinic cell carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, mainly develop in parotid gland (81000 out of 100000), less common. Acinic cell carcinoma occurs in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands of palate. Acinic cell carcinoma belongs to the family of adenocarcinoma with similarities like: Adenoid cystic, Muco-epidermoid, low-grade adenocarcinoma, some breast cancers. The development of acinic cell carcinoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations that suggest association of tumor suppression genes such as: chromosome 5q, chromosome 6p, chromosome 17p, deletions of chromosome 6q, loss of chromosome Y, Trisomy 21, molecular studies suggest that retinoblastoma pathway also can be involved with acinic cell carcinoma.

Differential diagnosis

Acinic cell carcinoma is a head and neck tumor happening in the salivary glands. If a patient was observed with related signs, the tumor must be classified as a benign or invasive by the capsule being intact. Differential diagnosis of a malignant tumor in the salivary gland is made after the incision and by histology features which will provide a good chemotherapy regimen for so-called patients.

Epidemiology and demographics

In western countries, salivary gland carcinomas account for 4000 out of 100000 of all head and neck carcinomas, and approximately 80% of those occurring in parotid gland. One out of six parotid gland cancer is acinic cell carcinoma. Distribution of acinic cell carcinoma between age groups seems to be quiet even, with a median age of 52 years, but it occurs mostly at a younger age. Children are rarely affected with salivary gland carcinoma, but if they are it is most likely to be acinic cell carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma is predominantly seen in whites (85000 out of 100000 cases) and less in African nations(8000 out of 100000 cases)here is a higher incidence among female with the ratio ranging from 1.43:1 to 1.57:1.

Risk factors

There is very little approved information about acinic cell carcinoma risk factors but familial predisposition and previous radiation exposure may play an important role.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for acinic cell carcinoma. Once diagnosis confirmed, ultrasonography, nuclear scans, CT scan and MRI can usually conduct for assessing the size of the tumor, location, and the nature of the tumor.

Natural history, prognosis and complications

Parotid gland, is the most common site for acinic cell carcinoma affection. typically, acinic cell carcinoma is a slow-growing mass, lacking other symptoms. pain or fixation to surroundings is a sign of poor prognosis. nodal metastasis of acinic cell carcinoma is extremely rare. another rare complication is cranial nerve VII dysfunction. a small minority of acinic cell carcinoma occurs in sinonasal area or larynx. there is a big controversy about bilateral acinic cell carcinoma, it is still unknown if it invades bilateral glands or just a unilateral tumor. common sites for non-salivary acinic cell carcinoma is lacrimal gland, pancreas, and breast. Acinic cell carcinoma in the pancreas are so-called acinar cell carcinoma. the prognostic factors are age, pain, gender, race, previous inadequate treatment, the extent of disease, invasion of the skull base.

Physical Examination

Physical examination of neck may reveal a firm swelling and tenderness.

Staging

Clinical stage, particularly tumor size, maybe the critical factor to determine the outcome of salivary gland cancer and maybe more important than a histologic grade. TNM system is the system of choice for studying acinic cell carcinoma.

Treatment

Acinic cell carcinoma is usually anatomically accessible tumor and patient do not show far metastasis at the time of diagnosis, the treatment of choice is surgery with resection of all free margins. Since acinic cell carcinoma could be neglected, a high rate of recurrence after first resection have been reported. low grade acinic cell carcinoma will be cured with surgery alone, but the site of origin indicates extension of resection. Superficial parotidectomy often effects complete removal of acinic cell carcinoma, but conservative parotidectomy is indicated if the deep lobe is involved. Initial approach would be more aggressive if the tumor is locally advanced acinic cell carcinoma, the facial nerve cannot be preserved, it must be resected and reconstructed with an autograft from greater auricular or sural nerve. Elective neck dissection is not recommended in acinic cell carcinoma, because of low risk of regional lymph node metastasis. However studies have revealed additional neck dissection decrease the rate of recurrence.

Follow-up after treatment

Complications of surgical treatment for parotid neoplasms include facial nerve dysfunction and frey syndrome, also known as gustatory flushing or auriculotemporal syndrome. Frey syndrome has been successfully treated with injections of botulinum toxin A.

References

Template:Epithelial neoplasms


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Historical Perspective

Historical Perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Acinic cell carcinoma was considered as a benign neoplasm until 1953. All acinic cell carcinomas were classified as neoplasms in the WHO‘s international classification of disease for oncology by 1972. In a second edition, all acinic cell neoplasms considered as adenocarcinoma by 1990. Batsakis et al, described acinic cell carcinoma as a derivative from progenitor reserve cells of terminal tubules and intercalated ducts of salivary tissue for the first time.

Historical Perspective

References

  1. ↑ Agni, Nisheet; Borle, Rajiv (2013). “Incidence of Salivary Gland Neoplasms”: 95–95. doi:10.5005/jp/books/11966_9.
  2. ↑ Hoffman, Henry T.; Karnell, Lucy Hynds; Robinson, Robert A.; Pinkston, John A.; Menck, Herman R. (1999). “National cancer data base report on cancer of the head and neck: Acinic cell carcinoma”. Head & Neck. 21 (4): 297–309. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199907)21:4<297::AID-HED2>3.0.CO;2-R. ISSN 1043-3074.
  3. ↑ Seifert, Gerhard; Sobin, Leslie H. (1992). “The world health organization’s histological classification of salivary gland tumors. A commentary on the second edition”. Cancer. 70 (2): 379–385. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920715)70:2<379::AID-CNCR2820700202>3.0.CO;2-C. ISSN 0008-543X.
  4. ↑ Hoffman, Henry T.; Karnell, Lucy Hynds; Robinson, Robert A.; Pinkston, John A.; Menck, Herman R. (1999). “National cancer data base report on cancer of the head and neck: Acinic cell carcinoma”. Head & Neck. 21 (4): 297–309. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199907)21:4<297::AID-HED2>3.0.CO;2-R. ISSN 1043-3074.

Template:WH Template:WS

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Acinic cell carcinoma, a salivary gland tumor, mainly develop in parotid gland (81000 out of 100000), less common, it occurs in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands of palate. It belongs to the family of adenocarcinoma with similarities like: Adenoid cystic, Muco-epidermoid, low-grade adenocarcinoma, some breast cancers. The development of acinic cell carcinoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations that suggest association of tumor suppression genes such as: chromosome 5q, chromosome 6p, chromosome 17p, deletions of chromosome 6q, loss of chromosome Y, Trisomy 21, molecular studies suggest that retinoblastoma pathway also can be involved with acinic cell carcinoma.

Pathophysiology

Genetics

Gross Pathology

Patien with acinic cell carcinoma[7]
Capsulated acinar cell carcinoma in parothid gland[8]

Microscopic Pathology

A: Acinic cell carcinoma of salivary gland.B: Metastatic spread to the pancreas[13]

References

  1. ↑ Federspil, P. A.; Constantinidis, J.; Karapantzos, I.; Pahl, S.; Markmann, H.-U.; Iro, H. (2001). “Azinuszellkarzinome der Glandula parotidea”. HNO. 49 (10): 825–830. doi:10.1007/s001060170031. ISSN 0017-6192.
  2. ↑ El-Naggar, Adel K; Abdul-Karim, Fadi W; Hurr, Kenneth; Callender, David; Luna, Mario A; Batsakis, John G (1998). “Genetic Alterations in Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland Determined by Microsatellite Analysis”. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 102 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00273-2. ISSN 0165-4608.
  3. ↑ Sandros J, Mark J, Happonen RP, Stenman G (1988). “Specificity of 6q- markers and other recurrent deviations in human malignant salivary gland tumors”. Anticancer Res. 8 (4): 637–43. PMID 3178153.
  4. ↑ Liu, T; Zhu, E; Wang, L; Okada, T; Yamaguchi, A; Okada, N (2005). “Abnormal expression of Rb pathway–related proteins in salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma”. Human Pathology. 36 (9): 962–970. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.014. ISSN 0046-8177.
  5. ↑ “Tumors of the Salivary Glands, Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Third Series, Fascicle 17 G. L. Ellis and P. L. Auclair. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C. ISBN: 1 881041 26 3 (Printed). 1996. Price: $69.00. ISBN: 1 881041 41 7 (CD-ROM). 1998. Price: $65.00”. The Journal of Pathology. 192 (4): 564–565. 2000. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200012)192:4<564::AID-PATH737>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0022-3417.
  6. ↑ Cha, Wonjae; Kim, Min-Su; Ahn, Jae-Chul; Cho, Sung-Woo; Sunwoo, Woongsang; Song, Chang Myeon; Kwon, Tack-Kyun; Sung, Myung-Whun; Kim, Kwang Hyun (2011). “Clinical Analysis of Acinic Cell Carcinoma in Parotid Gland”. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology. 4 (4): 188. doi:10.3342/ceo.2011.4.4.188. ISSN 1976-8710.
  7. ↑ Sherwani, Rana; Akhtar, Kafil; Ahmad, Murad; Hasan, Abrar (2011). “Cytologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a distinct rarely described entity”. Clinics and Practice. 1 (3): 58. doi:10.4081/cp.2011.e58. ISSN 2039-7283.
  8. ↑ Ishikawa, S; Ishikawa, H; Fuyama, S; Kobayashi, T; Waki, T; Taira, Y; Iino, M (2016). “Report of a case of acinic cell carcinoma of the upper lip and review of Japanese cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the minor salivary glands”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry: 0–0. doi:10.4317/jced.53049. ISSN 1989-5488.
  9. ↑ Spiro, Ronald H.; Huvos, Andrew G.; Strong, Elliot W. (1978). “Acinic cell carcinoma of salivary origin.A clinicopathologic study of 67 cases”. Cancer. 41 (3): 924–935. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197803)41:3<924::AID-CNCR2820410321>3.0.CO;2-L. ISSN 0008-543X.
  10. ↑ Batsakis, John G.; Luna, Mario A.; El-Naggar, Adel K. (2016). “Histopathologic Grading of Salivary Gland Neoplasms: II. Acinic Cell Carcinomas”. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 99 (11): 929–933. doi:10.1177/000348949009901115. ISSN 0003-4894.
  11. ↑ Lewis, Jean E.; Olsen, Kerry D.; Weiland, Louis H. (1991). “Acinic cell carcinoma. Clinicopathologic review”. Cancer. 67 (1): 172–179. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910101)67:1<172::AID-CNCR2820670129>3.0.CO;2-X. ISSN 0008-543X.
  12. ↑ Seifert, Gerhard (1992). “Histopathology of malignant salivary gland tumours”. European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology. 28 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1016/0964-1955(92)90013-Q. ISSN 0964-1955.
  13. ↑ Geiger, Jessica L.; García, Joaquín J.; Price, Katharine A.R. (2014). “Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland with Metastatic Spread to the Pancreas”. Case Reports in Oncology. 7 (1): 195–198. doi:10.1159/000360395. ISSN 1662-6575.

Template:WH Template:WS

Causes

Causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

There may be a co-incidence with some inherited genetic situations, like Cowden syndrome and acinic cell carcinom. recurrent abnormality of cytogeic t(12;15) ETV6-NRTK3 is also reported in cancerous cells.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of acinic cell carcinoma may include [1][2][3] :

Genetic Causes

  • acinic cell carcinoma is caused by a mutation in the BRCA-1 gene.[4]
  • T(12;15)(p13;q25)ETV6-NTRK3 is now proven to be the gold standard of acinic cell carcinoma and may be a related case.[5]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic BRCA-1 mutation,T(12;15)(p13;q25)ETV6-NTRK3
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Radiation exposure
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Cowden sybdrome


Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

References

  1. ↑ Saku T, Hayashi Y, Takahara O, Matsuura H, Tokunaga M, Tokunaga M; et al. (1997). “Salivary gland tumors among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1987”. Cancer. 79 (8): 1465–75. PMID 9118025.
  2. ↑ Depowski PL, Setzen G, Chui A, Koltai PJ, Dollar J, Ross JS (1999). “Familial occurrence of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland”. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 123 (11): 1118–20. doi:10.1043/0003-9985(1999)123<1118:FOOACC>2.0.CO;2. PMID 10539921.
  3. ↑ Villeneuve, Hugo; Tremblay, Steve; Galiatsatos, Polymnia; Hamel, Nancy; Guertin, Louis; Morency, Renald; Tischkowitz, Marc (2011). “Acinic cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone region: expanding the tumor phenotype in Cowden syndrome?”. Familial Cancer. 10 (4): 691–694. doi:10.1007/s10689-011-9472-8. ISSN 1389-9600.
  4. ↑ Ripamonti, Carla B; Colombo, Mara; Mondini, Patrizia; Siranoush, Manoukian; Peissel, Bernard; Bernard, Loris; Radice, Paolo; Carcangiu, Maria Luisa (2013). “First description of an acinic cell carcinoma of the breast in a BRCA1 mutation carrier: a case report”. BMC Cancer. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-46. ISSN 1471-2407.
  5. ↑ Shah, Akeesha A.; Wenig, Bruce M.; LeGallo, Robin D.; Mills, Stacey E.; Stelow, Edward B. (2014). “Morphology in Conjunction with Immunohistochemistry is Sufficient for the Diagnosis of Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma”. Head and Neck Pathology. 9 (1): 85–95. doi:10.1007/s12105-014-0557-1. ISSN 1936-055X.

Template:WH Template:WS

Differentiating Acinic cell carcinoma from other Diseases

Differentiating Acinic cell carcinoma from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Acinic cell carcinoma is a head and neck tumor happening in the salivary glands. If a patient was observed with related signs, the tumor must be classified as a benign or invasive by the capsule being intact. Differential diagnosis of a malignant tumor in the salivary gland is made after the incision and by histology features which will provide a good chemotherapy regimen for so-called patients.

Differentiating acinic cell carcinoma from other Diseases

  • Based on tumor site differentiation is as below:
Diseases Benign/

Malignant

Clinical manifestation Paraclinical findings Gold standard diagnosis
Demography History Symptoms Signs Lab findings Histopathology Imaging
Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Others
Pleomorphic adenoma[1][2] − + − −
  • MRI: Homogenous on T1
  • Abundant myxochondroid stroma on T2
Warthin’s tumor[3][4]
  • Male to female ratio: 4:1
  • More common in people aged 60-70 years old
 − + − −
Oncocytoma

[5]

  • Race: Caucasian patients predilection
  • Gender: No gender preference
  • Age: 50–70 years
 ± ±
  • CT:
    • Isodense expansive mass
    • Enhancement after intravenous contrast
    • Hypodense areas
  • MRI:
    • Isodensties on T1
    • Mass is hyperintense on T2
    • Enhancement on contrast
Monomorphic adenoma [6][7][8]
  • Age: 26-76 years
  • Rare in children
  • Gender: No predilection
 ± ±
  • Normal
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

[9]

  • Age: Mean age of 59
  • Female predilection
 ± ± −
  • Cystic and solid component with variable appearance on CT and MRI
Adenoid cystic carcinoma [10]
  • Age: 40s-60s
  • Gender: Female predominance
 ± ± −
Adenocarcinoma

[11]

  • Age: young age predilection
 − −
Salivary duct cancer[12][13][14]

(Highly aggressive)

  • Incidence: 1-3%
  • Gender: Male predilection
  • Mean age: 55-61 years old
  • Rapidly growing mass with jaw involvement
 ± ±
  • Painless
  • Hard
  • Non-compressible mass
Squamous cell carcinoma[15][16]
  • Incidence: rare
  • Age: Old age , 61-68 years
  • Male predilection
  • Present as painful growing mass on jaw
 + −
  • Tumor dimension can be delineated using both CT and MRI

Differentiating acinic cell carcinoma from other diseases on the basis of histology findings

On the basis of histologist findings acinic cell carcinoma must be differentiated from other salivary and head and neck masses such as salivary metastasis of thyroid carcinoma, salivary oncocytoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Mammary analog secretory carcinoma.[17][18]

Diseases Histological findings
Overlapping features Distinguishing features
Salivary metastasis of thyroid carcinoma[19] Empty appearance, grooves, pseudoinclusions Immunohistochemistry (Thyroglobulin)
salivary oncocytoma[20] Eosinophilic, non-serous cells Hematoxylin
mucoepidermoid carcinoma[21] Microcystic, and follicula, inconspicuous mucous/squamoid cells, eosinophilic Immunohistochemistry for p63
Mammary analoge secretory carcinoma[22] Histologically similar Lack of PAS-positive secretory granules, Vimentin positive, Adipophilin positive

References

  1. ↑ Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK (June 2010). “Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip”. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 9 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5. PMC 3244097. PMID 22190789.
  2. ↑ Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M (August 2018). “Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features”. Jpn J Radiol. 36 (8): 463–471. doi:10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y. PMID 29845358.
  3. ↑ Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP (December 2013). “Warthin’s tumour of the parotid gland: our experience”. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 33 (6): 393–7. PMID 24376295.
  4. ↑ “Warthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program”.
  5. ↑ Chen B, Hentzelman JI, Walker RJ, Lai JP (2016). “Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology”. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2016: 8719030. doi:10.1155/2016/8719030. PMC 5045990. PMID 27722003.
  6. ↑ Kim KH, Sung MW, Kim JW, Koo JW (July 2000). “Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea”. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 123 (1 Pt 1): 147–8. doi:10.1067/mhn.2000.102809. PMID 10889498.
  7. ↑ Pramod Krishna B (June 2013). “Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a 14 year Old Child”. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 12 (2): 228–31. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0125-5. PMC 3681990. PMID 24431845.
  8. ↑ Kessler AT, Bhatt AA (2018). “Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions”. J Clin Imaging Sci. 8: 48. doi:10.4103/jcis.JCIS_46_18. PMC 6251244. PMID 30546932.
  9. ↑ Chenevert J, Barnes LE, Chiosea SI (February 2011). “Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a five-decade journey”. Virchows Arch. 458 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1007/s00428-011-1040-y. PMID 21243374.
  10. ↑ Jones AV, Craig GT, Speight PM, Franklin CD (April 2008). “The range and demographics of salivary gland tumours diagnosed in a UK population”. Oral Oncol. 44 (4): 407–17. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.010. PMID 17825603.
  11. ↑ Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M (March 2006). “Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma”. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 64 (3): 415–23. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027. PMID 16487803.
  12. ↑ Mlika M, Kourda N, Zidi Y, Aloui R, Zneidi N, Rammeh S, Zermani R, Jilani SB (January 2012). “Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland”. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 16 (1): 134–6. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.92992. PMC 3303509. PMID 22434951.
  13. ↑ Schmitt NC, Kang H, Sharma A (November 2017). “Salivary duct carcinoma: An aggressive salivary gland malignancy with opportunities for targeted therapy”. Oral Oncol. 74: 40–48. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.008. PMC 5685667. PMID 29103750.
  14. ↑ Simpson RH (July 2013). “Salivary duct carcinoma: new developments–morphological variants including pure in situ high grade lesions; proposed molecular classification”. Head Neck Pathol. 7 Suppl 1: S48–58. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0456-x. PMC 3712088. PMID 23821208.
  15. ↑ Manvikar V, Ramulu S, Ravishanker ST, Chakravarthy C (May 2014). “Squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland: A rare case report”. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 18 (2): 299–302. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.140909. PMC 4196305. PMID 25328317.
  16. ↑ Ying YL, Johnson JT, Myers EN (July 2006). “Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland”. Head Neck. 28 (7): 626–32. doi:10.1002/hed.20360. PMID 16475198.
  17. ↑ “Tumors of the Salivary Glands, Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Third Series, Fascicle 17 G. L. Ellis and P. L. Auclair. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C. ISBN: 1 881041 26 3 (Printed). 1996. Price: $69.00. ISBN: 1 881041 41 7 (CD-ROM). 1998. Price: $65.00”. The Journal of Pathology. 192 (4): 564–565. 2000. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200012)192:4<564::AID-PATH737>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0022-3417.
  18. ↑ Kumar, Uma (2017). “Acinic Cell Carcinoma Papillary-Cystic Variant: Diagnostic Pitfalls in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology”. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/21347.9772. ISSN 2249-782X.
  19. ↑ Sams, Ralph N.; Gnepp, Douglas R. (2012). “P63 Expression Can Be Used in Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Acinic Cell and Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas”. Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (1): 64–68. doi:10.1007/s12105-012-0403-2. ISSN 1936-055X.
  20. ↑ Schwartz, Lauren E.; Begum, Shahnaz; Westra, William H.; Bishop, Justin A. (2013). “GATA3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms”. Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (4): 311–315. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0442-3. ISSN 1936-055X.
  21. ↑ Patel, Kalyani R.; Solomon, Isaac H.; El-Mofty, Samir K.; Lewis, James S.; Chernock, Rebecca D. (2013). “Mammaglobin and S-100 immunoreactivity in salivary gland carcinomas other than mammary analogue secretory carcinoma”. Human Pathology. 44 (11): 2501–2508. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.06.010. ISSN 0046-8177.
  22. ↑ Castle JT, Thompson LD, Frommelt RA, Wenig BM, Kessler HP (1999). “Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 164 cases”. Cancer. 86 (2): 207–19. PMID 10421256.

Template:WH Template:WS

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology and Demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

In western countries, salivary gland carcinomas account for 4000 out of 100000 of all head and neck carcinomas, and approximately 80% of those occurring in parotid gland. one out of six parotid gland cancer is acinic cell carcinoma. Distribution of acinic cell carcinoma between age groups seems to be quiet even, with a median age of 52 years, but it occurs mostly at a younger age. Children are rarely affected with salivary gland carcinoma, but if they are , it is most likely to be acinic cell carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma is predominantly seen in in whites (85000 out of 100000 cases) and less in African nations(8000 out of 100000 cases)here is a higher incidence among female with the ratio ranging from 1.43:1 to 1.57:1.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Age

Race

  • Acinic cell carcinoma is predominantly seen in in whites (85000 out of 100000 cases) and less in African nations(8000 out of 100000 cases)[5]

Gender

  • There is a higher incidence among female with the ratio ranging from 1.43:1 to 1.57:1.[6]

Region

  • There is no report about regional difference in acinic cell carcinoma.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Vander Poorten, V.; Triantafyllou, A.; Thompson, L. D. R.; Bishop, J.; Hauben, E.; Hunt, J.; Skalova, A.; Stenman, G.; Takes, R. P.; Gnepp, D. R.; Hellquist, H.; Wenig, B.; Bell, D.; Rinaldo, A.; Ferlito, A. (2015). “Salivary acinic cell carcinoma: reappraisal and update”. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273 (11): 3511–3531. doi:10.1007/s00405-015-3855-7. ISSN 0937-4477.
  2. ↑ Al-Mamgani, Abrahim; van Rooij, Peter; Verduijn, Gerda M.; Meeuwis, Cees A.; Levendag, Peter C. (2012). “Long-term Outcomes and Quality of Life of 186 Patients With Primary Parotid Carcinoma Treated With Surgery and Radiotherapy at the Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center”. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 84 (1): 189–195. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.11.045. ISSN 0360-3016.
  3. ↑ Neskey, David M.; Klein, Jonah D.; Hicks, Stephanie; Garden, Adam S.; Bell, Diana M.; El-Naggar, Adel K.; Kies, Merrill S.; Weber, Randal S.; Kupferman, Michael E. (2013). “Prognostic Factors Associated With Decreased Survival in Patients With Acinic Cell Carcinoma”. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 139 (11): 1195. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2013.4728. ISSN 2168-6181.
  4. ↑ Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Bagherihagh, Ali; Saeedi, Masoumeh; Dabirmoghaddam, Payman; Kouhi, Ali; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein (2017). “Salivary Gland Cancers: A Survey through History, Classifications and Managements”. doi:10.5772/intechopen.70127.
  5. ↑ Gomez, Daniel R.; Katabi, Nora; Zhung, Joanne; Wolden, Suzanne L.; Zelefsky, Michael J.; Kraus, Dennis H.; Shah, Jatin P.; Wong, Richard J.; Ghossein, Ronald A.; Lee, Nancy Y. (2009). “Clinical and pathologic prognostic features in acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland”. Cancer. 115 (10): 2128–2137. doi:10.1002/cncr.24259. ISSN 0008-543X.
  6. ↑ Hoffman HT, Karnell LH, Robinson RA, Pinkston JA, Menck HR (1999). “National Cancer Data Base report on cancer of the head and neck: acinic cell carcinoma”. Head Neck. 21 (4): 297–309. PMID 10376748.
  7. ↑ Neskey, David M.; Klein, Jonah D.; Hicks, Stephanie; Garden, Adam S.; Bell, Diana M.; El-Naggar, Adel K.; Kies, Merrill S.; Weber, Randal S.; Kupferman, Michael E. (2013). “Prognostic Factors Associated With Decreased Survival in Patients With Acinic Cell Carcinoma”. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 139 (11): 1195. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2013.4728. ISSN 2168-6181.

Template:WH Template:WS

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

There is very little approved information about acinic cell carcinoma risk factors but Familial predisposition Previous radiation exposure may play an important role.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of acinic cell carcinoma include:

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of acinic cell carcinoma may be occupational, environmental, genetic[1][2][3].
  • Common risk factors in the development of acinic cell carcinoma include:
    • Familial predisposition
    • Previous radiation exposure
    • Cowden syndrome
    • Acinic breast cancer may develop in a BRCA1 mutation carrier
    • There were no cases among long-term atomic bomb survivors

References

  1. ↑ Saku T, Hayashi Y, Takahara O, Matsuura H, Tokunaga M, Tokunaga M; et al. (1997). “Salivary gland tumors among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1987”. Cancer. 79 (8): 1465–75. PMID 9118025.
  2. ↑ Depowski PL, Setzen G, Chui A, Koltai PJ, Dollar J, Ross JS (1999). “Familial occurrence of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland”. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 123 (11): 1118–20. doi:10.1043/0003-9985(1999)123<1118:FOOACC>2.0.CO;2. PMID 10539921.
  3. ↑ Villeneuve, Hugo; Tremblay, Steve; Galiatsatos, Polymnia; Hamel, Nancy; Guertin, Louis; Morency, Renald; Tischkowitz, Marc (2011). “Acinic cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone region: expanding the tumor phenotype in Cowden syndrome?”. Familial Cancer. 10 (4): 691–694. doi:10.1007/s10689-011-9472-8. ISSN 1389-9600.

Template:WH Template:WS

Screening

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Screening is not recomended for acinic cell carcinoma.

Screening

  • Screening is not recommended for acidic cell carcinoma as diagnosis is based on clinical findings.
  • Once diagnosis confirmed, ultrasonography, nuclear scans, CT scan and MRI can usually conduct for assessing the size of the tumor, location, and the nature of the tumor.[1]

References

  1. ↑ Al-Zaher, Nabil; Obeid, Amani; Al-Salam, Suhail; Al-Kayyali, Bassam Sulaiman (2009). “Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands: A literature review”. Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy. 2 (1): 259–264. doi:10.1016/S1658-3876(09)50035-0. ISSN 1658-3876.

Template:WH Template:WS

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Parotid gland, is the most common site for acinic cell carcinoma affection. typically, acinic cell carcinoma is a slow growing mass, lacking other symptoms. pain or fixation to surroundings is a sign of poor prognosis. nodal metastasis of acinic cell carcinoma is extremely rare. another rare complication is cranial nerve VII dysfunction. a small minority of of acinic cell carcinoma occurs in sinonasal area or larynx. there is a big controversy about bilateral acinic cell carcinoma, it is still unknown if it invades bilateral glands or just a unilateral tumor. common sites for non-salivary acinic cell carcinoma is lacrimal gland, pancreas, and breast. Acinic cell carcinoma in pancreas are so called as acinar cell carcinoma. the prognostic factors are ge, pain, gender, race, previous inadequate treatment, extent of disease, invasion of the skull base.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

  • Acinar cell carcinoma has the best prognosis out of all salivary gland carcinomas.[10][11]
  • The worst prognosis subtype is high-grade transformation type.
  • Acinic cell carcinoma prognosis varies from 89000 out of 100000 at 5 years to 55000 out of 100000 at 15 years.[12][13]
  • Sever findings have suggested that a protracted clinical course with occurred years or even decades after initial diagnosis.
  • The prognostic factors are :[14]
    • Age
    • Pain
    • Gender
    • Race
    • Previous inadequate treatment
    • Extent of disease
    • Invasion of the skull base.

References

  1. ↑ “kankerregister.org” (PDF).
  2. ↑ Lewis, Jean E.; Olsen, Kerry D.; Weiland, Louis H. (1991). “Acinic cell carcinoma. Clinicopathologic review”. Cancer. 67 (1): 172–179. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910101)67:1<172::AID-CNCR2820670129>3.0.CO;2-X. ISSN 0008-543X.
  3. ↑ Neskey, David M.; Klein, Jonah D.; Hicks, Stephanie; Garden, Adam S.; Bell, Diana M.; El-Naggar, Adel K.; Kies, Merrill S.; Weber, Randal S.; Kupferman, Michael E. (2013). “Prognostic Factors Associated With Decreased Survival in Patients With Acinic Cell Carcinoma”. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 139 (11): 1195. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2013.4728. ISSN 2168-6181.
  4. ↑ Ripamonti, Carla B; Colombo, Mara; Mondini, Patrizia; Siranoush, Manoukian; Peissel, Bernard; Bernard, Loris; Radice, Paolo; Carcangiu, Maria Luisa (2013). “First description of an acinic cell carcinoma of the breast in a BRCA1 mutation carrier: a case report”. BMC Cancer. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-46. ISSN 1471-2407.
  5. ↑ Slater, Lee (2013). “Bilateral Multifocal Parotid Tumors: Acinic Cell Carcinomas Versus Nodular Oncocytic Hyperplasia”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 71 (4): 655. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2012.12.022. ISSN 0278-2391.
  6. ↑ Gnepp, Douglas R.; Schroeder, Walter; Heffner, Dennis (1989). “Synchronous tumors arising in a single major salivary gland”. Cancer. 63 (6): 1219–1224. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19890315)63:6<1219::AID-CNCR2820630631>3.0.CO;2-Y. ISSN 0008-543X.
  7. ↑ Jia, Yu-Lin; Bishwo, Sedhain P.; Nie, Xiu; Chen, Li-Li (2012). “Synchronous Bilateral Multifocal Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Parotid Gland: Case Report and Review of the Literature”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 70 (10): e574–e580. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.006. ISSN 0278-2391.
  8. ↑ Sen, Rajeev; Bhutani, Namita; Kamboj, Jashanpreet; Dahiya, Sakshi (2018). “Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report with a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a rare breast cancer subtype”. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 35: 137–140. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2018.09.030. ISSN 2049-0801.
  9. ↑ Ilayaraja, Vadivel; Prasad, H; Anuthama, Krishnamurthy; Sruthi, Ranganath (2014). “Acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland showing features of high-grade transformation”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 18 (1): 97. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.131925. ISSN 0973-029X.
  10. ↑ Patel, Neal R.; Sanghvi, Saurin; Khan, Mohemmed N.; Husain, Qasim; Baredes, Soly; Eloy, Jean Anderson (2013). “Demographic trends and disease‐specific survival in salivary acinic cell carcinoma: An analysis of 1129 cases”. The Laryngoscope. 124 (1): 172–178. doi:10.1002/lary.24231. ISSN 0023-852X.
  11. ↑ Perzin, Karl H.; Livolsi, Virginia A. (1979). “Acinic cell carcinomas arising in salivary glands. A clinicopathologic study”. Cancer. 44 (4): 1434–1457. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197910)44:4<1434::AID-CNCR2820440439>3.0.CO;2-H. ISSN 0008-543X.
  12. ↑ Kane, W. J.; McCaffrey, T. V.; Olsen, K. D.; Lewis, J. E. (1991). “Primary Parotid Malignancies: A Clinical and Pathologic Review”. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. 117 (3): 307–315. doi:10.1001/archotol.1991.01870150075010. ISSN 0886-4470.
  13. ↑ Eneroth, Carl-Magnus; Jakobsson, Per Å.; Blanck, Carl (1966). “Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland”. Cancer. 19 (12): 1761–1772. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196612)19:12<1761::AID-CNCR2820191202>3.0.CO;2-#. ISSN 0008-543X.
  14. ↑ Neff, Brian; Moore, Eric; Link, Michael; Carlson, Matthew; Breen, Joseph; Driscoll, Colin (2012). “Skull Base Involvement by Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland”. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. 73 (06): 371–378. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322797. ISSN 2193-6331.

Template:WH Template:WS

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | MRI | CT | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case Studies

Case #1


Template:WikiDoc Sources


Template:Epithelial neoplasms

Template:Tumors


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Looking for the patient version?

Back to the patient-friendly article

Imprint

Privacy Policy

Terms and Conditions

© 2026 MyEClinic – IFTM Institut für Telematik in der Medizin GmbH