Health Dictionary
Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions — written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.
Urethral cancer causes
Introduction
Overview
Common causes of urethral cancer include human papillomavirus, history of bladder cancer, recurring urinary tract infections, smoking, and exposure to chemicals.
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Synonyms and keywords: Malignant tumour of urethra, malignant urethral tumor, malignant urethral tumour, carcinoma of urethra, malignant epithelial neoplasm of urethra, primary malignant neoplasm of urethra, cancer of urethra
Diagnosis
Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [3]
Causes
Urethral cancers appear to be associated with infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16, a strain of HPV known to be causative for cervical cancer. Other significant causes of urethral cancer are: [1][2]
- Recurring urinary tract infections
- Chemical exposure
References
References
- ↑ Wiener JS, Liu ET, Walther PJ (1992). “Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 is associated with squamous cell cancer of the male urethra”. Cancer Res. 52 (18): 5018–23. PMID 1325290.
- ↑ Wiener JS, Walther PJ (1994). “A high association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with carcinomas of the female urethra: polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of multiple histological types”. J Urol. 151 (1): 49–53. PMID 8254831.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]