Developer site: The content shown here is test data.

Health Dictionary AI Health Chat Find an Online Doctor
A serene Zen garden with raked sand and smooth stones, symbolising clarity and calm

Health Dictionary

Back to skin conditions

Ascites classification

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups include: portal hypertension associated, hypoalbuminemia associated, peritoneal disease associated, and other diseases associated. Ascites is also classified based on the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) as two subtypes include transudate – SAAG > 1.1 g/dL and exudate – SAAG < 1.1 g/dL.

Classification

Classification

Ascites may be classified according to etiology into four groups:[1]

Ascites is also classified based on the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) as two subtypes:[2]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ascites classification
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on Etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on SAAG
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Portal hypertension
 
Hypoalbuminemia
 
Peritoneal disease
 
Other etiologies
 
 
High (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
 
Low (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Cirrhosis
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Acute liver failure
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
• Heart failure
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Hemodialysis-associated
 
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Severe malnutrition
 
• Malignant ascites
• Infectious peritonitis
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Starch granulomatous peritonitis
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Multicystic mesothelioma (peritoneal inclusion cyst)
 
• Chylous ascites
• Pancreatic ascites
• Myxedema
• Hemoperitoneum
• Urologic injury
 
 
• Cirrhosis
• Fulminant hepatic failure
• Veno-occlusive disease
• Hepatic vein obstruction (i.e., Budd-Chiari syndrome)
• Congestive heart failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Malnutrition
• Myxedema
• Ovarian tumors
• Pancreatic ascites
• Biliary ascites
• Malignancy
• Trauma
• Portal hypertension
 
• Primary peritoneal mesothelioma
• Secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis
• Tuberculous peritonitis
• Fungal and parasitic infections (eg, Candida, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Schistosoma mansoni, Strongyloides, Entamoeba histolytica)
• Sarcoidosis
• Foreign bodies (i.e., talc, cotton and wood fibers, starch, barium)
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Whipple disease
• Endometriosis
References

References

  1. ↑ Moore KP, Aithal GP (2006). “Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis”. Gut. 55 Suppl 6: vi1–12. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.099580. PMC 1860002. PMID 16966752.
  2. ↑ Hou W, Sanyal AJ (2009). “Ascites: diagnosis and management”. Med. Clin. North Am. 93 (4): 801–17, vii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.03.007. PMID 19577115.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]