Hypercalciuria
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: Hypercalcuria; calcium levels raised (urine); hypercalcinuria
Overview
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Overview
Hypercalciuria refers to elevated calcium in the urine. Chronic hypercalciuria may lead to impairment of renal function, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency.
References
Historical Perspective
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Pathophysiology
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References
Causes
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Immobility
- Excess Vitamin-D intake
- Excess dietary Calcium
- Cushing’s disease
- Osteoporosis
- Loop diuretics
- Sarcoidosis
- Rickets
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acromegaly
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Aminoaciduria
- Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia
- Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism
- Autosomal recessive Familial hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis [1]
- Bartter syndrome
- Bone metastases
- Calcitriol toxicity
- Chronic hypokalemia
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Cushing syndrome
- Cystinosis
- Dehydration
- Dent disease
- Ethinyl estradiol and drospirnone
- Excess Calcium intake
- Fanconi syndrome
- Fractures
- Furosemide
- Glucocorticoids
- Glycogen storage disease type 1a
- Hartnup disease
- Hereditary hypophosatemic rickets [2]
- Histoplasmosis
- Hyperchloremic acidosis
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypocitraturia
- Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis
- Hypophosphatasia
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria
- Immobility
- Leukemia
- Lowe’s syndrome
- Lymphoma
- McCune-Albright syndrome
- Medullary cystic kidney disease
- Medullary sponge kidney
- Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Jansen type
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- Multiple myeloma
- Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism
- Nephrocalcinosis
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Osteoporosis
- Parathyroid carcinoma
- Paget disease of bone
- Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting)
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Primary parathyroid hyperplasia
- Proximal renal tubular acidosis
- Recumbency
- Reticulum cell sarcoma
- Sarcoidosis
- Solitary parathyroid adenoma
- Tuberculous granulomas
- Ulcerative colitis
- Vitamin D
- Williams syndrome
- Wilson disease
- X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1
- Zero gravity
References
- ↑ Ekinci Z, Karabaş L, Konrad M (2012). “Hypomagnesemia-hypercalciuria-nephrocalcinosis and ocular findings: a new claudin-19 mutation”. Turk. J. Pediatr. 54 (2): 168–70. PMID 22734304.
- ↑ Hasani Ranjbar S, Amoli MM, Ebrahim Habibi A; et al. (2012). “SLC34A3 Intronic Deletion in a New Kindred with Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria”. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 4 (2): 87–91. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.601. PMID 22672866. Unknown parameter
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Differentiating Hypercalciuria from other Diseases
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Epidemiology and Demographics
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Risk Factors
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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
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