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Reliable, easy-to-read patient information on common medical conditions β€” written in plain language, free of jargon, and grounded in current evidence. Browse the most frequent diagnoses, understand what they mean for everyday life, and learn which steps and questions help you have a focused conversation with your doctor.

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Superior vena cava syndrome causes

Introduction

Overview

Overview

Superior vena cava syndrome may be caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava by neoplastic invasion of the venous wall, intravascular thrombosis, enlarged lymph nodes, enlarged ascending aorta, or by extrinsic pressure of a tumor against the thin-walled superior vena cava.[1]

Causes

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, arteriovenous fistula, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, blood clots in the superior vena cava, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, pericarditis, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis of the superior vena cava, transposition of the great vessels, vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Behcet’s disease, dermoid cyst, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Goitre, teratoma, thyroid cancer
Environmental Mesothelioma
Gastroenterologic Cystic fibrosis, esophageal varices
Genetic Cystic fibrosis
Hematologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cystic hygroma, plasmacytomas
Iatrogenic Indwelling catheter, Mustard procedure, pacemakers, parenteral nutrition, presence of central venous catheters, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease Actinomycosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, filariasis, histoplasmosis, mediastinitis, sepsis, syphilis, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Increased intracranial pressure
Nutritional / Metabolic Cystic fibrosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic Dermoid cyst, teratoma
Oncologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adenocarcinoma of the lung, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, cystic hygroma, dermoid cyst, esophageal cancer, Good syndrome, Hodgkin disease, large B-cell lymphoma, large cell carcinoma of the lung, leiomyosarcomas, lung cancer, lymphoblastic lymphoma, lymphoma, malignancy, mediastinal tumor, mesothelioma, metastasis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oat cell carcinoma, Pancoast tumor, plasmacytomas, renal cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, teratoma, testicular cancer, thymic tumors, thymoma, thyroid cancer
Opthalmologic Dermoid cyst
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Cystic fibrosis,fibrosing mediastinitis, large cell carcinoma of the lung, lung cancer, mediastinal fibrosis, mediastinitis, mesothelioma, Pancoast tumor, pneumothorax, sclerosing mediastinitis, small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte Renal cell carcinoma
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Behcet’s disease, Good syndrome, vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Testicular cancer
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

References

  1. ↑ Superior vena cava syndrome. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava_syndrome Accessed on January, 11 2016
  2. ↑ Cohen R, Mena D, Carbajal-Mendoza R, Matos N, Karki N (2008). “Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency?”. Int J Angiol. 17 (1): 43–6. PMCΒ 2728369. PMIDΒ 22477372.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Reechaipichitkul W, Thongpaen S (2004). “Etiology and outcome of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction in adults”. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 35 (2): 453–7. PMIDΒ 15691155.
  4. ↑ Wudel LJ, Nesbitt JC (2001). “Superior vena cava syndrome”. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2 (1): 77–91. PMIDΒ 12057143.
  5. ↑ Arya LS, Narain S, Tomar S, Thavaraj V, Dawar R, Bhargawa M (2002). “Superior vena cava syndrome”. Indian J Pediatr. 69 (4): 293–7. PMIDΒ 12019548.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hinojosa Mena-Bernal MC, FernΓ‘ndez MartΓ­nez I, Ergueta MartΓ­n P, GonzΓ‘lez Sarmiento E (1998). “[Etiologic prevalence of superior vena cava syndrome]”. An Med Interna. 15 (10): 531–3. PMIDΒ 9844228.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 GonzΓ‘lez Fajardo JA, GarcΓ­a Yuste M, FlΓ³rez PelΓ‘ez S, Alvarez Gago T, Ramos Seisdedos G (1991). “[Etiologic considerations regarding superior vena cava syndrome]”. An Med Interna. 8 (11): 562–5. PMIDΒ 1790283.
  8. ↑ Tayama K, Aoyagi S, Akashi H, Oryoji A, Higa Y, Hiromatsu S; et al. (1995). “Aortic dissection after aortic valve replacement. Report of a case with an aortocameral fistula”. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 43 (5): 299–301. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1013799. PMIDΒ 8610294.
  9. ↑ Bostankolu A, Aksungur VL, Aksungur EH, Ozpoyraz M, YΓΌcel A, Memisoglu HR (1997). “Excessive bleeding from genital ulcers of BehΓ§et’s disease”. Cutis. 60 (3): 159–61. PMIDΒ 9314623.
  10. ↑ Oh SH, Lee JH, Shin JU, Bang D (2008). “Dermatological features in BehΓ§et disease-associated vena cava obstruction”. Br J Dermatol. 159 (3): 555–60. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08679.x. PMIDΒ 18565188.
  11. ↑ Roguin A, Edelstein S, Edoute Y (1997). “Superior vena cava syndrome as a primary manifestation of BehΓ§et’s disease. A case report”. Angiology. 48 (4): 365–8. PMIDΒ 9112886.
  12. ↑ Meriney DK (1990). “Application of Orem’s conceptual framework to patients with hypercalcemia related to breast cancer”. Cancer Nurs. 13 (5): 316–23. PMIDΒ 2245419.
  13. ↑ Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ (1992). “Dermatologic features of the superior vena cava syndrome”. Arch Dermatol. 128 (7): 953–6. PMIDΒ 1626963.
  14. ↑ Adegboye VO, Ogunseyinde AO, Obajimi MO, Brimmo AI, Adebo OA (2008). “Superior vena cava obstruction: diagnosis, management and outcome”. East Afr Med J. 85 (3): 129–36. PMIDΒ 18663886.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Rice TW, Rodriguez RM, Light RW (2006). “The superior vena cava syndrome: clinical characteristics and evolving etiology”. Medicine (Baltimore). 85 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000198474.99876.f0. PMIDΒ 16523051.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Miles RR, Arnold S, Cairo MS (2012). “Risk factors and treatment of childhood and adolescent Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia”. Br J Haematol. 156 (6): 730–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.09024.x. PMIDΒ 22260323.
  17. ↑ Chow BJ, McKim DA, Shennib H, Dales RE (1997). “Superior vena cava obstruction secondary to mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient with cystic fibrosis”. Chest. 112 (5): 1438–41. PMIDΒ 9367491.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Gilbert HM, Hartman BJ (1996). “Short report: a case of fibrosing mediastinitis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti”. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 54 (6): 596–9. PMIDΒ 8686778.
  19. ↑ Anders HJ (1998). “Compression syndromes caused by substernal goitres”. Postgrad Med J. 74 (872): 327–9. PMCΒ 2360941. PMIDΒ 9799884.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Joven MH, Palalay MP, Sonido CY (2013). “Case report and literature review on Good’s syndrome, a form of acquired immunodeficiency associated with thymomas”. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 72 (2): 56–62. PMCΒ 3585500. PMIDΒ 23467629.
  21. ↑ Hammoud ZT, Rose AS, Hage CA, Knox KS, Rieger K, Kesler KA (2009). “Surgical management of pulmonary and mediastinal sequelae of histoplasmosis: a challenging spectrum”. Ann Thorac Surg. 88 (2): 399–403. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.041. PMIDΒ 19632382.
  22. ↑ Aitken ML, Tonelli MR (2000). “Complications of indwelling catheters in cystic fibrosis: a 10-year review”. Chest. 118 (6): 1598–602. PMIDΒ 11115445.
  23. ↑ Gadage V, Kembhavi S, Kumar P, Shet T (2011). “Primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with activated B-cell-like phenotype”. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54 (3): 591–3. doi:10.4103/0377-4929.85104. PMIDΒ 21934230.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Dumantepe M, Tarhan A, Ozler A (2013). “Successful treatment of central venous catheter induced superior vena cava syndrome with ultrasound accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis”. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 81 (7): E269–73. doi:10.1002/ccd.24855. PMIDΒ 23404752.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Thakker M, Keteepe-Arachi T, Abbas A, Barker G, Ruparelia N, Kingston GT; et al. (2012). “A primary cardiac sarcoma presenting with superior vena cava obstruction”. Am J Emerg Med. 30 (1): 264.e3–5. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.030. PMIDΒ 21277135.
  26. ↑ McKellar DP, Verazin GT, Lim KM, Spiegel JC, Block BL (1994). “Superior vena cava syndrome and tracheal obstruction due to multinodular goiter”. Head Neck. 16 (1): 72–4. PMIDΒ 8125791.
  27. ↑ Chen JC, Bongard F, Klein SR (1990). “A contemporary perspective on superior vena cava syndrome”. Am J Surg. 160 (2): 207–11. PMIDΒ 2382775.
  28. ↑ Coulson JD, Pitlick PT, Miller DC, French JW, Marshall WH, Fryer AD; et al. (1984). “Severe superior vena cava syndrome and hydrocephalus after the Mustard procedure: findings and a new surgical approach”. Circulation. 70 (3 Pt 2): I47–53. PMIDΒ 6378426.
  29. ↑ Riley RF, Petersen SE, Ferguson JD, Bashir Y (2010). “Managing superior vena cava syndrome as a complication of pacemaker implantation: a pooled analysis of clinical practice”. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 33 (4): 420–5. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02613.x. PMIDΒ 20051021.
  30. ↑ Senthilvel E, Papadakis A, Jain V, Bruner J (2009). “Pacemaker induced superior vena cava syndrome: a case report”. Cases J. 2: 6463. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-6463. PMCΒ 2740218. PMIDΒ 19829810.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Khan BA, Mahmood Q (2009). “Iatrogenic superior vena caval syndrome”. J Pak Med Assoc. 59 (10): 719–20. PMIDΒ 19813691.
  32. ↑ Beers TR, Burnes J, Fleming CR (1990). “Superior vena caval obstruction in patients with gut failure receiving home parenteral nutrition”. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 14 (5): 474–9. PMIDΒ 2122020.
  33. ↑ Ripoll Orts F, VΓ‘zquez Prado A, Villaba Caballero R, MartΓ­ BonmatΓ­ E, Trullenque Peris R (1996). “[Superior vena cava occlusion syndrome in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition for short bowel syndrome]”. Nutr Hosp. 11 (3): 204–7. PMIDΒ 8766617.
  34. ↑ SuduΕ‚ T, DomagaΕ‚a-Kulawik J (2012). “[Clinical manifestation and radiological features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC)]”. Wiad Lek. 65 (2): 97–101. PMIDΒ 23289254.
  35. ↑ Tarao M, Nitta T, Hayashi M, Ichihashi M, Goto A (1997). “[A case of thyroid cancer invading into mediastinum that was in need of resection of both innominate veins for complete cure]”. Kyobu Geka. 50 (7): 531–4. PMIDΒ 9223855.
  36. ↑ Demeter JG, De Jong SA, Lawrence AM, Paloyan E (1991). “Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: risk factors and outcome”. Surgery. 110 (6): 956–61, discussion 961-3. PMIDΒ 1745983.
  37. ↑ Patel S, Shah D, Chintala K, Karpawich PP (2011). “Atrial baffle problems following the Mustard operation in children and young adults with dextro-transposition of the great arteries: the need for improved clinical detection in the current era”. Congenit Heart Dis. 6 (5): 466–74. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00532.x. PMIDΒ 21696550.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]